1.identifyvt.确认,识别,鉴别(1)~sb./sth.assb./sth.确认,证明某人/某物系某人/某物e.g.她认出那个男子就是袭击她的人。Sheidentifiedthemanasherattacker.(2)~sth.withsth.认为某事物与另一事物等同e.g.幸福与财富不能混为一谈。Onecan’t~happinesswithwealth.扩展:identificationn.验明,鉴别,身份证明identificationcard身份证identicaladj.完全相同beidenticalto/with2.alternativeadj.供选择的,其他的e.g.Thewaywasblocked,sowehadtogoby~road.这条路阻塞,我们只能走其他路。n.可能的选择;选择对象haveno~buttodosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth.=havenothingtodobutdo…除了做某事别无选择e.g.除了放弃那个计划,我别无选择。Ihavenoalternativebuttogiveuptheplan.=Ihavenochoicebuttogiveuptheplan.=Ihavenothingtodobutgiveuptheplan.3.interruptvt.1)打断,中断,阻碍e.g.战争打断了两国间的贸易。①Thewar~edthetradebetweenthe2countries.②Sorrytointerruptyou,butIhavesomethingtosay.打断某人的话~sb./sth.withsth.(2)interruptsb.打扰某人4.assumevt.假定,设想;担任,承担(1)assume后多跟1)名词,2)宾语+tobe+n./adj.,3)that从句e.g.1.Thescientist~thatthereisnoanimalsonthemoon.科学家设想月球上没有动物.2.I~dtheresponsibility.我来承担责任。3.Heassumedagreatman.他假装是伟人.(2)assuming放在句首,表一种猜测。e.g.Assumingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?假如明天下雨,我们该做什么呢?扩展:assumptionn.makeanassumption5.regardlessof不管;不顾;不注意e.g.Hewent~therisk.他不顾危险地去了。Heis~hisappearance.他不注意自己的外表。6.preservevt.(1)保存;保护;收藏e.g.Youcan~meatorfishinsalt.你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼。(2)保持;维持e.g.Itisoneofthedutiesofthepoliceto~publicorder.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。相关短语:~sb./sth.保护某人/保存某物~sb.(fromsb./sth.)保护某人以免……7sharpenvt.使锋利,尖锐;使强烈Theknifeneedssharpening.Thetoneofhislettershassharpenedrecently.sharpadj.锋利的,尖锐的;急转的,陡峭;突然的,急剧asharpturn急转弯asharpincrease急剧增加8specificadj.具体的;特有的Theproblemwithheristhatsheneverhasaspecificaiminlife.specificallyadv.具体地,特别的Youarespecificallywarnednottoeatfish.9.Somehow以…方式;不知怎么地;莫名其妙地Somehowhewasafraidofher.anyhow无论如何,不管怎样Itmaysnow,butanyhowIwillgototown.逮捕,吸引Thecriminalwasarrestedyesterday.arrestsbfor因…逮捕某人arrestone’sattention引起…的注意力attractone’sattentiondrawone’sattention10.arrest:11.reliefn.减轻或解除IfeltgreatreliefwhenIheardIhadpassedtheexamination.toone’srelief令…放心的是,令…感到宽慰的是Muchtohisrelief,finallyhislostsonwasfoundbythepolice.toone’ssurprisetoone’sdelight12.patientadj.n.耐心的;病人bepatientwith对…有耐心的patiencen.耐心,忍耐Tobecomeanurse,oneofthequalificationsneededispatience.13.skilful熟练的,有技巧的askilfuldriverbeskilfulat(doing)sth对…熟练14.Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear.要是能像去年那样就好了!Ifonly但愿......;要是……就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetter.Ifonlyhehadcome.Wehavebeenexcavatinghereformanyyears.现在完成进行时由“助动词have(has)+been+doing”构成表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行,或可能还要继续下去的动作。它通常和“for+段时间”或“since+点时间(也可以是从句)”的时间状语连用。Ihavebeenwaitingforaletterfrommyparents.我一直在等我父母的来信。Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.雨已经下了三个小时了。Wehavebeenstudyingheresince2004.自从2004年以来,我们一直在这里学习。2.表示从过去某时开始,一直延续到说话时刻,可能刚刚结束的动作。例如:Shehasbeensweepingthestreetallday.Sheistootired.她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。Wehavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.Wedon'twanttowaitanylonger.我们已经等你两个小时了。不想再等了。