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Unit11Grammar构词法(WordFormation)英语主要有三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy----unhappy(加前缀)----happiness(加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg.wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)水----water(v.)浇水•invisibledisagreementdishonestyimpossibilitynon-conductorinternationalillogicalreplacementdisappearancemisunderstandingenlargementreconsiderationinteractionunexpectedunforgettableunsuccessfulStep3Remembertheprefix.inter-tele-bio-ex-over-trans-en-mis-re-sub-under-betweenfarbiologyformer/outtoomuchacross/movemakewrongagainUnderbelowdis-non-il-in-im-un-notStep2Matchtheprefixwithitsmeaning.inter-tele-bio-ex-over-un-trans-en-mis-dis-non-re-il-sub-under-in-im-wrongtoomuchagainformer/outunderbetweenbelownotfarbiologymakeacross/moveStudythemeaningofthewords.internationaltelevisioninvisibleimpossibleillogicalirregulardisappearnonsenseunforgettablereplacemisunderstandenlargebiochemistrysubwayex-wifeundergroundoverworktransport•hi-techshowcasesbreakthroughbioengineeringoutstandingenableindirectlystrengthen1.Thisdictionaryenableyoutounder-standEnglishwords.2.Thefencewasstrengthenedwithwire.3.Heinformedusthenewsindirectly.前缀例词a--构成形容词﹑副词asleep,abroad,alonedis-disappear,disagreeen—enlarge,enablein-(il-,im-,ir)invisible,illegalinter-international,inter-schoolmis-mistake,misunderstandre-return,remarrytele-telephone,telescopeun-;non-unfit,unfair,unknownnon-payment(不支付)(否定)(使可能)(相互,之间)（误）(重复,再)(远程)（不）(不,非)后缀例词名词--er…..者runner,swimmer-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地方人musician,Russian-ist专业人员artist,pianist--ment性质,状态government,movement--ness性质,状态business,happiness--or….者visitor,professor--ion--tion表示动作,过程,结果pollution,suggestion形容词:-al;–an;–ern;-ful;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-less表示具有…的性质,或与…有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,active,native,rainy,careless动词:-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成为)e.g.simplify(简化),satisfy,realize,organize副词:-ly表示方式,程度:freely,badly,truly-ward(s)表示方向:towards,forward,outward数词:-teen十fourteen,eighteen-ty整十位数forty,fifty-th序数词fifth②名词+动名词machine-building(机械制造)2.合成词1）合成名词①名词(代词)+名词spaceship,she-wolf③名词+及物动词+er(or)pain-killer(止痛药)④形容词+名词highway⑤及物动词+名词breakfast⑥动词+副词turn-off⑵合成形容词①形容词(数词)+名词+edcold-blooded②名词+名词+edpotato-shaped马铃薯形式的③名词(代词)+分词hand-made,self-educated④名词(代词)+形容词color-blind色盲的⑤形容词(数词)+名词/分词left-hand,good-looking⑥副词+分词/形容词hard-working,ever-greentree⑦动词+副词see-through⑧介词+名词downhill下坡的(3)合成动词①副词+动词ill-treat虐待②名词(代词)+动词mass-produce大规模生产③形容词+动词safe-guard保卫⑷.合成副词①副词+副词however②代词+副词anywhere③副词+名词downstairs④形容词+名词anyway(无论如何)⑸.合成代词some,any,no,可以与-thing,-one,-body合成代词.如:anybody,something3.转化:是由一词类转化为另一词类⑴动词转化为名词E.g.Wepaidavisittotheparkyesterday.注意:英语中常用give,take,have,make等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作.如:giveashout,giveakick;takeaseat,takeabath;haveaswim,haveasmoke;makeabet,makeadecision2.名词转化为动词e.gThehallcanseattwothousandpeopleTheyhavebookedtheirplaneticket.3.形容词转化为动词e.g.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.4.形容词转化为副词E.g.Howlongistheline?(adj)HowlonghaveyoulivedinChina?(adv)5.形容词转化为名词E.g.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.(n.)