讲座四In-text cited and work cited

1《英语专业毕业论文写作》第五讲：APA引文格式指南WhatisAPA?APAstyleisthestyleofwritingusedbyjournalspublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA).ThestyleisdocumentedintheAPAPublicationManual(5thed.,2001).2WhyAPA?APAformatisawidelyrecognizedstandardforscientificwritinginpsychologyandeducation.Itiswidelyusedinpaperpresentationininternationalconferencesandadoptedbynumerousinternationallyrenownedjournalsasaformatofpublishing.3APAstyleofreferencingTwomainpartstocorrectreferencinginAPAstyle:1)In-textCitation:Theparentheticalcitationinthetextofyouressay.Thisisusuallyjusttheauthor'snameandthepublicationdate.4Cont….2)References:Thereferencelistthatappearsattheendofyourpaper.Thisisadetailedlistofallthematerialyouhave'cited'inyourpaper.Thepageshouldsay“References.”(nounderline,noquotationsmarks,nobold,centeredatthetopofthepage).5In-textcitationDirectlyquotedmaterialappearswithquotationmarksfollowedbyparenthesisandthepagenumber.Thelocationoftheparentheticalcitationforaquotedependsupontheplacementofquotedmaterialwithinthesentence.Example:(Smith,2004,p.5).6In-textcitation…theresultofthisisa‘technicalsuperidentity’(Erikson,1967,p.20).AzarandMartin(1999)foundthat…(Aspartofthesentence)…thusCox(1966,p.52)referstothemodernurbaniteas…In-textcitation（referencetomorethanonesource)Morerecentstudies(Bartlet,1992;James,1998)showthat…Theresearchers(Bartlett,1992,p.54;Brown,1876,p.45;James,1998,p.45)referto…In-textcitation（referencetomorethanonesource)In-textreferencestomorethanoneauthorshouldbeorderedalphabetically.LongQuotationsIfthequotationislong(40wordsormore),itshouldbeformattedasablockquotation,andtheparenthesesshouldappearafterthefinalpunctuationmark:Adler(2003)suggestscohesivenessistheabilityofteammemberstoactasone.Teammembers’ability,whennecessary,toperceive,interpret,andactonsituationsinsimilarormutuallyagreeduponwaysdeterminestheteam'slevelofcohesiveness.Duetotheylowerlevelofsimilarity,multiculturalteamsinitiallyexhibitlesscohesionthatmosthomogeneousteams(p.127).Noquotationmarks,singlespace,indent5spacesfromthemargin.10WhenaworkiscitedinasecondarysourceWhenasourceisdiscussedthatyoudidn’taccess:nameboththeprimarywork(workreferredto).giveacitationforthesecondarysource(theworkyouactuallyread)inthetextofyourassignment.inthereferencelistyougiveonlythesecondarysource(thebookyouread).11ExampleIn-textcitation:In1990,Coleman’sstudydefinedsocialcapitalas,“Thesetofresources,tangibleorvirtual,thataccruetoorganizationsthroughsocialstructureandfacilitatingtheattainmentoforganizationalgoals”(Coleman,ascitedinGabbay,2001,p.232).Itwouldappearinyourreferenceslistas:Gabbay,S.(Ed.).(2001).Socialcapitaloforganizations(Vol.18).Oxford:JAI.12ReferenceListEachreferencemustbesufficientforareadertolocatetheworkinquestion.Areferencemustincludecertaininformation,organizedbyfields,thatdependsonthesourcetype.Collectthisinformationforanygivensourcetype,rangingfrombookstolecturestoWebpages,andthentranslatethismaterialintothefieldsrequiredforthecitation.13Cont….ReferencesListDoublespaced(double-spacingisrequiredbetweenreferences,whilesingle-spacingisusedforasinglereference)Alphabeticalbyauthor’slastnameIndentsecondlineunderauthor’sname1415APA引文格式指南著作引用：-单个作者、两人合著、多人合著-译著编著、期刊文章引用字典、辞书报纸、硕博论文、光盘网络资源引用中文文献引用Examples-PrintAuthor(s)ofarticle-surnameandinitials.(Year).Titleofarticle.Journalnamevolumenumber(issuenumber),pagenumber(s).•Morgan,R.,&Mitchell,S.(1997).Obstaclestoexportinitiationandexpansion.Omega:TheInternationalJournalofManagementScience,25(6),677-690.1617著作引用:SingleAuthor(work)Author,A.A.(publicationyear).Title.PlaceofPublication:Publisher.Oxford,R.L.(1990).Languagelearningstrategies:Whateveryteachershouldknow.NewYork:NewburyHousePublisher.…in-textcitation(Oxford,1990).Dreyfus,H.(1989).Whatcomputerscan’tdo(2nded.).NewYork:Harper&Row.“…in-textcitation”(Dreyfus,1989,p.67).18著作引用:DoubleAuthorsAuthor,A.,&Author,B.(publicationyear).Title.PlaceofPublication:Publisher.Forsyth,A.,&Thornhill,R.(1983).Theevolutionofinsectmating.Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress.…insidethetext(Forsyth&Thornhill,1983).Beck,C.A.,&Sales,B.D.(2001).Familymediation:Facts,myths,andfutureprospects.Washington,DC:AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.“…insidethetext”(Beck&Sales,2001,p.76).19著作引用:3AuthorsorMoreAuthor,A.,Author,B.,&Author,C.(publicationyear).Title.PlaceofPublication:Publisher.Smith,D.,Boyd,R.,&Spoher,J.C.(1995).VirtuesVRKLtoolkit.Indianapolis:HaydenBooks.…insidethetext(Smith,Boyd&Spoher,1995).Ligon,M.,Carpenter,K.,Brown,W.,&Milsop,A.(1983).Computersintheworldofbusinesscommunications.Hartford,CT:CapitalPress.…insidethetext:1sttime(Ligon,Carpenter,Brown&Milsop,1983).…insidethetext:2ndtime(Ligon,etal.,1983).著作引用:3AuthorsorMoreInreferringtoaworkbysixormoreauthors,citeonlythesurnameofthefirstauthorfollowedbyetal.(italicizedandwithafullstopafter“al”),andtheyearforthefirstandsubsequentcitations.著作引用:3AuthorsorMoreInthereferencelist,providetheinitialsandsurnamesofthefirstsixauthors,andshortenanyremainingauthorstoetal.Referencetomorethanonepublicationofthesameautho