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听力课程4unit1-3听力原文+生词+答案Book4unit1Tacticsforlistening1.AcollegeeducationcanbeverycostlyintheUnitedStates.2.Risingcostshaveledmoreandmorefamiliestoborrowmoneytohelppayforacollege.3.Therearedifferentfederalloansandprivateloansforstudents.4.InterestratesonsomeoftheseloanswillgouponJuly1st.5.Therearegrowingconcernsthatmanystudentsgraduatewithtoomuchdebt.ListeningcomprehensionDialogueSocialgrouping原文F:Right,youaretalkingaboutsocialgroupingshere.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthewaysanimalsformintogroups?M:Yes,manymanyanimalsareverysolitaryanimals.Theonlytimestheygettogetheriswhentheymateorwhentheyarebringinguptheiryoung.Themajorityoftheanimalsaresolitary.Butaverysignificantgroupofmammalsandinsects,likeantsandtermites,beesandwasps,areverysocial.Andtheygrouptogetherbecauseinagroupit’smuchsafer.Youcandefendyourselfmoreeasilyifyouareinagroup.Youcanfindmalesmoreeasilyifyouareinagroup.Andyoucanchangetheworldaroundyoubyworkingwiththeothersifyouliveinagroup.Solitaryanimalshaveamuchmoredifficulttimeinmanyways.F:Youmentionlionsandothercarnivoresearlieron.Dotheygroupverymuch?M:Yes,mostcatsinfactdon’tgroup.Lionsandtoalesserextent,cheetahs,aretheonlycatsthatgrouptogether.Agroupoflionsiscalledapride.Andyoumightgetanythingupto150r20lionsinapride.Aprideoflionswouldhaveperhapstwoorthreemales,perhapsadozenfemalesandthenthecubs.Buttherealliongroupsconsistsoffemaleswiththeircubs.Themalestendtostayforafewyearsandthentheygetkickedoutbyagroupofyoungermalesthatcomeinandtakeover.F:Andhowabouttheapes?M:Well,nowyouaretalkingaboutthegroupofanimalsthatwebelongto.Apes,someapes,liveinveryverybigandcomplicatedsocialgroups.Notall,orangutans,forexample,bigapesthatliveinIndonesiaandMalaysia,theyareverysolitaryandoneadultmaymeetanotheradultonlyonceeverytwoorthreeyearswhenamaleandafemalemate.Andthentheonlyrelationshipwillbebetweenamotherandherbaby.Thebabywillstaywiththemotherfortwoorthreeyears,fouryears,fiveyearseven,learningfromthemother,learningwhatsortsoffoodtoeat,whatthesignsofdangerare,andthenwhenthebabygrowsup,offitwillgoandliveitsownsolitarylife.Thereasonswhyorangutansaresolitaryisbecausethereisnotverymuchfoodintheforestandiftherewasabiggroupoforangutans,allthefoodwouldjustrunout.ButleavinginAsiaandgoingtoAfrica,thenyouwillfindaverysocialapes.Now,gorillasforexample,gorillasliveinuni-malegroups,theyusedtobecalledharems.Butthetechnicaltermisuni-male,becausethereisonemalewithinagroup.Onemale,andthenaroundhimwillbeanythingupto6,7,8,9females,plusallthebabies.Andthatonemaleinagroupisthesilver-backgorillaandheismuchbiggerandstrongerthantheothers.Hehasgotsilveryfuronhisback.Andtheotherswon’tchallengehimandhewillleadthegroupslowlythroughtheforest,settlingdowneverynightandmovingonthenextday,findingfood.Sothat’sauni-malegroup.ButifyoumovealittlebitfurtherwestintowestAfrica,youwillstarttocomeacrosschimpanzees,nowtheyareabitsmallerthangorillas,theyspendalotoftimeinthetreeswhereasgorillasaredownontheground.Andchimpanzeesaremuchmorecloselyrelatedtousthantheyaretogorillas.Theyareourclosestlivingrelatives.Now,chimpsliveinmultimalegroups,inotherwords,youwillgetanythingupto6,7,8malesandthenyouwillgettwoorthreetimesthatnumberoffemales,adozen,twodozensfemales,plusalltheyoungsters.Sowearetalkingaboutgroupsthatcanbeasbigas400r50oreven60.Nowachimpanzeegroup,multimalegroupisaveryflexibletypeofgroup.Itconstantlysplitsintosmallgroups,offtheygoforafewdays,backtheycome,reform,breakupagain,andwithinthatgroup,themalestendtohangaroundtheoutside,protectingthegroup,fightingoffrivalmalesthatmightwanttocomeinandmatewiththefemales.Buttheytendtocomeandgotosomeextent.Theongoingcoreofthechimpanzeegroupconsistsoffemaleswiththeiryoungandsometimessisterswillactuallyworktogethertobringuptheiryoungcollectively.Yes,soapesareveryverysocialanimalsindeed.生词Earlieron早先Socialgrouping社会群体Solitary独居的Bringup抚养Mate交配Mammal哺乳动物Insect昆虫Cat猫科动物Carnivore食肉动物，食虫植物Wasp黄蜂Bee蜜蜂Termite白蚁Ant蚂蚁Orangutan猩猩Ape猿Chimpanzee黑猩猩Chimp黑猩猩（非洲）Gorilla大猩猩Cheetah猎豹Toalesserextent在较小程度上Pride狮群Aprideof一群Cub幼兽Dozen十二个Kickout解雇，开除，踢出Takeover接管Indonesia印度尼西亚Malaysia马来西亚uni-male=harem只有一个雄性的Harem为一个雄性动物所控制的许多雌性动物Multimale多雄群的Silvery银的Silver-back银背Fur皮毛WestAfrica西非Whereas然而，反之Closely（副词）紧密的Close（形容词，副词）Youngster年轻人Splitinto分裂，分成Hangaround闲逛，徘徊Flexible灵活的Fightoff击退Rival竞争的Collectively共同Slippery滑的snow-white雪白的Silky柔滑的答案ACDC--BCBAPassageCommunitycolleges原文GreatchallengesfacedtheUnitedStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.Nationalandlocalleadersrealizedthatamoreskilledworkforcewaskeytothecountry’scontinuedeconomicstrength,aneedthatcalledforadramaticincreaseincollegeattendance.Yet,three-quartersofhighschoolgraduateswerechoosingnottofurthertheireducation,inpartbecausetheywerereluctanttoleavehomeforadistantcollege.Duringthesameperiod,thecountry’srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.Itwascommonforthemtoaddateacherinstitute,manuallearning,vocationaleducation,division,orcitizenshipschooltothediplomaprogram.Thehighschool-basedcommunitycollegewasthemostsuccessfultypeofaddition.Meanw