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英语语法复习(SubjunctiveMood)河北任丘二中邓哲虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；如果我是上帝，我将拥有一切。如果我见过上帝，我一定已经与他交朋友了。如果有一天我能见到上帝，我会告诉他我的梦想。我希望我能见到阿波罗(Apollo)，因为我热爱阳光。我希望我能见到丘比特(Cupid)，因为爱情是最美丽的。但是我不可能见到上帝(Itisimpossiblethat……)，所以最重要的还是要努力学习(itisimportant……)。我和上帝IfIwereGod,Iwouldhaveeverything.IfIhadmetGod,Iwouldhavemadefriendswithhim.IfIshouldseeGodoneday,Iwouldtellhimmydream.IwishIcouldmeetApollo,becauseIlovesunlight.IwishIcouldmeetCupid,becauseloveisthemostbeautiful.ButitisimpossiblethatImeetGod.Soitisthemostimportantthatweshouldstudyhard.IandGodHomework:1.ReviewtheSubjunctiveMoodafterclass.2.Doexercise1.2and3onpage69topage70inEnglishbooks.1、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonecouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。例句：(与过去事实相反)(与将来事实可能相反)(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况a）倒装：当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.b)错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式,如：1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2.如果他当初不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn’tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.考题点击1)Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?(01上海)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther2)Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.A.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowCD3.名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。考题点击：1.Theteacherdemandedthatthework__before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhadBC•我们建议Tom去休息一下。•他坚决要求我到场。•他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireB、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable…+(should)doc.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder+(should)do考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气考题点击：1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryAMyideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在asif从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).一、asif连接表语从句shelooksasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.二、asif连接状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。1)虚拟语气在asif从句中4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法1.Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkintimewithoutyourhelp.2.Iwasillyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhaveattendedthemeeting.3.Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.4.Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.5.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.2）含蓄虚拟条件句:指的是假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语，或通过上下文来表示。如介词短语:butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气5)It’shightime+that-Should（不可省）+V.过去时3)wish+宾语从句过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)现在：过去：未来：would/could/might/should+V4)wouldratherthat-过去：现在：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时虚拟语气1.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.2.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissed3.C.wouldmissD.missed4.2.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.5.A.hadmetB.met6.C.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetExercisesAD虚拟语气3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneBAB