高中数学典型例题解析:第十三章-算法初步

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在平时的测量工作中,他积极做好传、帮、带工作,热心地把自己学到和掌握好的操作技艺毫无保留地传授给徒弟andactualcasewhethermatch;byislocatedlandrightnature;propertystatus,whetherhasdamageorqualityproblem;propertyusingsituation,rentaloruse;referencearoundsimilarpropertyprice,judgeassessmentvalueofrationality;whetherexistspropertydisputes,andseized,andfreeze,andmortgage,anddemolition,andtransformation,limitsituation.2.tolandrightmortgageof,surveypeopleshouldverifiedfollowinginformation:landrightcardbycontainsMinginformation(rightpeople,andlocation,andnature,andterm,andarea,)andactualcasewhethermatch;landnature;landflatsituation;groundbuildingssituation;referencearoundsimilarlandprice,judgeassessmentvalueofrationality;mortgagerealwhetherhasothermortgagerightornoticeregistrationestablishedprior;whetherexistspropertydisputes,andseized,andfreeze,andmortgage,limitsituation.3.otherchattels,ownership,thevalueofthemortgageshouldbeimplemented,andwhetherfactorssuchaseasyhandling.(C)pledgeofcollateralinvestigationprocedures,investigatorsshouldenforcecollateralvalue,conveniencecustodyanddisposition,pledgerightseffectiveidentification,registration,etc.(D)guaranteeinvestigationtoensurethattheprocedures,theinvestigationshall,inaccordancewiththeborrower'sstandardstoinvestigatetheguarantorevaluationassurance.15thinformationauditsurveypeopledealwithborrowersandqualificationprovidedbytheguarantor,financialstatus,proofofidentity,theauthenticityofthedatacarefullyreviewed,verified,rationalityandeffectiveness.Include:(a)theborrowerdataauditing1.corporateclientsshouldfocusonassessingvarioustypesoflicenses,certificates,financialreporting,powersofAttorneyandothertextandarealplearelatedinformation.2.smallbusinessclasscustomersalsoshouldfocusonthereviewoftheborrowertoprovideevidenceofbusiness,financialpositionandactualcontrolofcredit,property,andmore第十三章算法初步§13.1流程图一、知识导学1.流程图:是由一些图框和带箭头的流线组成的,其中图框表示各种操作的类型,图框中的文字和符号表示操作的内容,带箭头的流线表示操作的先后次序.2.算法的三种基本的逻辑结构:顺序结构、条件结构、循环结构.3.根据对条件的不同处理,循环结构又分为两种:直到型(until型)循环:在执行了一次循环体之后,对控制循环条件进行判断,当条件不满足时执行循环体.满足则停止.如图13-1-3,先执行A框,再判断给定的条件p是否为“假”,若p为“假”,则再执行A,如此反复,直到p为“真”为止.当型(while型)循环:在每次执行循环体前对控制循环条件进行判断,当条件满足时执行循环体,不满足则停止.如图13-1-4,当给定的条件p成立(“真”)时,反复执行A框操作,直到条件p为“假”时才停止循环.图13-1-1图13-1-2二、疑难知识导析1.“算法“没有一个精确化的定义,教科书只对它作了描述性说明,算法具有如下特点:(1)有限性:一个算法的步骤是有限的,必须在有限操作之后停止,不能是无限的.(2)确定性:算法的每一步骤和次序应当是确定的.(3)有效性:算法的每一步骤都必须是有效的.2.画流程图时必须注意以下几方面:(1)使用标准的图形符号.(2)流程图一般按从上到下、从左到右的方向画.(3)除判断框外,大多数流程图符号只有一个进入点和一个退出点.判断框具有超过一个退出点的唯一符号.(4)判断框分两大类,一类判断框“是”与“否”两分支的判断,而且有且仅有两个结果;另一类是多分支判断,有几种不同的结果.(5)在图形符号内描述的语言要非常简练清楚.3.算法三种逻辑结构的几点说明:(1)顺序结构是最简单的算法结构,语句与语句之间,框与框之间是按从上到下的顺序进行的.在流程图中的体现就是用流程线自上而下地连接起来,按顺序执行算法步骤.(2)一个条件结构可以有多个判断框.(3)循环结构要在某个条件下终止循环,这就需要条件结构来判断.在循环结构中都有一个计数变量和累加变量.计数变量用于记录循环次数,累加变量用语输出结果,计数变量和累加变量一般是同步执行的,累加一次,计数一次.在平时的测量工作中,他积极做好传、帮、带工作,热心地把自己学到和掌握好的操作技艺毫无保留地传授给徒弟andactualcasewhethermatch;byislocatedlandrightnature;propertystatus,whetherhasdamageorqualityproblem;propertyusingsituation,rentaloruse;referencearoundsimilarpropertyprice,judgeassessmentvalueofrationality;whetherexistspropertydisputes,andseized,andfreeze,andmortgage,anddemolition,andtransformation,limitsituation.2.tolandrightmortgageof,surveypeopleshouldverifiedfollowinginformation:landrightcardbycontainsMinginformation(rightpeople,andlocation,andnature,andterm,andarea,)andactualcasewhethermatch;landnature;landflatsituation;groundbuildingssituation;referencearoundsimilarlandprice,judgeassessmentvalueofrationality;mortgagerealwhetherhasothermortgagerightornoticeregistrationestablishedprior;whetherexistspropertydisputes,andseized,andfreeze,andmortgage,limitsituation.3.otherchattels,ownership,thevalueofthemortgageshouldbeimplemented,andwhetherfactorssuchaseasyhandling.(C)pledgeofcollateralinvestigationprocedures,investigatorsshouldenforcecollateralvalue,conveniencecustodyanddisposition,pledgerightseffectiveidentification,registration,etc.(D)guaranteeinvestigationtoensurethattheprocedures,theinvestigationshall,inaccordancewiththeborrower'sstandardstoinvestigatetheguarantorevaluationassurance.15thinformationauditsurveypeopledealwithborrowersandqualificationprovidedbytheguarantor,financialstatus,proofofidentity,theauthenticityofthedatacarefullyreviewed,verified,rationalityandeffectiveness.Include:(a)theborrowerdataauditing1.corporateclientsshouldfocusonassessingvarioustypesoflicenses,certificates,financialreporting,powersofAttorneyandothertextandarealplearelatedinformation.2.smallbusinessclasscustomersalsoshouldfocusonthereviewoftheborrowertoprovideevidenceofbusiness,financialpositionandactualcontrolofcredit,property,andmore2三、经典例题导讲[例1]已知三个单元存放了变量x,y,z的值,试给出一个算法,顺次交换x,y,z的值(即y取x的值,z取y的值,x取z的值),并画出流程图.错解:第一步xy第二步yz第三步zx流程图为图13-1-3错因:未理解赋值的含义,由上面的算法使得y,z均取x的值.举一形象的例子:有蓝和黑两个墨水瓶,但现在却把蓝墨水装在了黑墨水瓶中,黑墨水错装在了蓝墨水瓶中,要求将其互换,请你设计算法解决这一问题.对于这种非数值性问题的算法设计问题,应当首先建立过程模型,根据过程设计步骤完成算法.我们不可将两个墨水瓶中的墨水直接交换,因为两个墨水瓶都装有墨水,不可能进行直接交换.正确的解法应为:S1取一只空的墨水瓶,设其为白色;S2将黑墨水瓶中的蓝墨水装入白瓶中;S3将蓝墨水瓶中的黑墨水装入黑瓶中;S4将白瓶中的蓝墨水装入蓝瓶中;S5交换结束.正解:第一步zp{先将z的值赋给变量p,这时存放z的单元可作它用}第二步yz{再将y的值赋给z,这时存放y的单元可作它用}第三步xy{同样将x的值赋给y,这时存放x的单元可作它用}第四步px{最后将p的值赋给y,三个变量x,y,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