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I本科毕业设计论文手机照相镜头的光学设计摘要随着市场的发展，可拍照手机逐渐取代普通手机，而手机的小型超薄化也是必然趋势，手机的照相功能的提升和小型超薄化应并进，而二者又是相互制约的，因此尽量减小手机照相镜头的体积并提高其性能成为必然趋势。本文后半部分运用ZEMAX对所设计的镜头进行了调整和优化，用缩放法对初始模型反复调试和修改，并根据课题要求进行了数据分析，最终得出了符合设计要求的结果。最终设计结果为：镜头总长：10.07mm,后焦距：1.27mm。畸变范围-1.07到1.76之间。中心视场MTF@160lp/mm值为0.52。边缘视场MTF@120lp/mm值为0.53。关键字：可拍照手机镜头小型化ZEMAX优化。目录摘要··········································································（Ⅰ）Abstract·····································································（Ⅱ）目录···········································································（1）1绪论········································································（1）1.1研究的目的和意义…………………………………………………（1）1.2可拍照手机和镜头设计的国内外发展…………………………（1）1.2.1可拍照手机国内外发展状况········································（1）1.2.2现今镜头设计的国内外发展状况·································（2）2手机照相镜头的成像原理介绍·······································（3）2.1可拍照手机照相原理……………………………………………（3）2.2感光元件简介……………………………………………………（3）II2.3镜头结构分类及选择……………………………………………（3）2.4手机镜头的性能指标和相关术语…………………………………（4）2.4.1镜头类型选择的依据[7]···············································（4）2.4.2数码镜头鉴别率························································（4）2.4.3光圈范围·································································（4）2.4.4影响像质的几个因素·························································（5）3光学系统设计·····························································（6）3.1光学设计软件简介…………………………………………………（6）3.1.1ZEMAXMTF函数·······················································（6）3.1.2缺省的评价函数及优化··············································（6）3.1.3归一化的视场和光瞳坐标···········································（7）3.2设计要求及分析……………………………………………………（7）3.3初始结构的选择……………………………………………………（8）3.3.1视场角的确定·························································（10）3.3.2F数的确定·····························································（10）3.3.3工作波长的选择······················································（10）3.3.4调制传递函数图如下················································（11）3.3.5七种塞得像差分别为················································（11）3.3.6场曲和畸变图··························································（12）3.3.7点列图如下·····························································（12）3.3.8光线特性曲线图·······················································（13）3.4像差的初步校正…………………………………………………（13）3.4.1初步校正后的数据···················································（13）3.4.2二维光路图如下·······················································（15）3.4.3调制传递函数图如下：·············································（15）3.4.4场曲畸变图·····························································（16）3.4.5点列图···································································（17）3.4.6光线特性曲线图·······················································（17）3.5系统优化…………………………………………………………（18）3.5.1优化数据································································（18）3.5.2二维光路图·····························································（19）3.5.3点列图··································································（20）3.5.4场曲畸变示意图·······················································（20）3.5.5MTF分析图·····························································（21）3.5.6光线特性曲线图·······················································（23）3.6公差分析…………………………………………………………（24）3.6.1公差分析的一般过程················································（24）III3.6.2公差分析方式介绍···················································（24）3.6.3此课题所进行的公差分析结果····································（25）3.7设计结果…………………………………………………………（27）4结论·······································································（29）致谢··········································································（30）参考文献····································································（31）1绪论1.1研究的目的和意义随着手机镜头相关工艺的实践，低端的数码相机已逐步被可拍照手机所取代。手机正逐步成为集通信、拍照、MP3、MP4等功能一体化的便捷式电子产品。由于现有的手机厚度较薄，限制了镜头的总长，从而使得手机镜头的性能提高较难。本课题要求设计一个体积小，高像素的手机镜头，从而减小手机镜头所占空间，进而提高手机的综合性能。实现小型化和多功能化。1.2可拍照手机和镜头设计的国内外发展1.2.1可拍照手机国内外发展状况1绪论2从诺基亚7650、松下GD88和NECN8在中国掀起拍照风潮以来，手机拍照在中国已经历了三年的发展，谈到中国市场的可拍照手机，我们就躲不开索爱的T68lie和T628这条线。T68作为爱立信在中国市场推出的第一款彩屏手机，在当时可拍照手机还没有开始流行的时候，选择了使用外置摄像头来增加拍照功能无疑是一个明智的选择。而在爱立信和索尼合并之后，又推出了T68lie，且支持MMS功能。这两款机型可以使用爱立信和索尼爱立信前后推出的多款外置摄像头，虽然基本上没有后期处理功能，拍照的效果也不佳，但毕竟是开先河的第一次，也是可拍照手机在中国市场的探索者。后来索尼爱立信又推出了T618成为2003年最成功的可拍照手机，其内置10万像素的摄像头，有强大的数据处理功能。在T618出世之前，可拍照手机市场几乎是诺基亚的天下。中国市场上第一款30万像素的可拍照手机7650就是诺基亚的。和T68不同的是，7650使用的是内置摄像头，这也造就了7650硕大的身形。而在当时的时代，拥有30万像素的摄像头效果是相当不错的。在2004年NECN830配置了130万像素的CCD摄像头，有多种拍摄模式选择，内置闪光灯、最多9连拍功能、定时拍摄功能等。此摄像头还具备了一般可拍摄手机并不具备的微距拍摄功能。在更高像素的手机出现以后，三菱M900，号称200万像素的手机，采用的是富士的SuperCCD，这种感光材料拥有比普通手机CCD更敏锐的成像效果。而三星震撼全球的500万像素手机SCH-S250，配备了光学变焦，这款手机实际上是在数码相机的机身上加上了手机的功能。此外，大唐G20N、三菱M900等手机出现了微距拍摄功能，以及百万像素以上级别手机普遍支持的存储卡功能。这些都预示着，未来的拍照手机，将会使用更专业的镜头和更好的感光元件以得更好的成像质量。2004年3月，索尼爱立信在国内推出首款具有130万像素的拍照手机S700。2004年6月，日本卡西欧公司已推出三款具有320万像素的拍照手机。2004年10月，三星在韩国汉城推出第一款500万像素拍照手机SCHS250.2005年初，三星公司又在德国汉诺信息通讯展览会上推出了一款700万像素拍照手机SCH-V770，配置了700万像素的CCD,160万色顶级TFT材质屏幕，还具备3倍光学变焦、4倍数码变焦功能。拍照手机的像素数从初始的10万飞跃到700万，仅仅经过不到3年的时间。可以预言，随着CMOS和CCD制造技术的不断进步，高像素的拍照手机在不久的将来一定会成为大众化的电子消费产品。1.2.2现今镜头设计的国内外发展状况现今的镜头设计是基于镜头的资料库中的成千上万的设计专利的，并且有许多