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Unit1AlandofdiversityLanguagepointsWordsandphrases•1.第三大州•2.最具多元文化的州••3.世界各地•4.这些移民的风俗习惯和语言••5.继续生存thethirdlargeststatethemostmulticulturalstateallovertheworldthecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveon1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但是人口最多。(1)对人口提问用what,不用howmany或howmuch。What’sthepopulationofthecity?这个城市有多少人口？(2)population作主语，但前有分数、小数或百分数时，谓语动词用复数。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多。80%ofthepopulationarefarmers.百分之80的人口是农民。(3)人口的增加或减少用grow(increase)和fall(decrease);人口的多少用large和small修饰。Therehasbeenarapidincreaseinpopulationinthecityinthelastfewyears.过去几年这座城市人口增长很快。2.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,…加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，…Italsohasthedistinctionofbeing…意思是Whatitisknownforis…前缀multi-是“多、多方面、多方想”的意思。如：multi-coloured(多色的),multi-racial(多种族的),multi-media(多媒体),multiparty(多党制),multi-purpose(多种用途)•1.最早的一批人•2.很可能•3至少•4.借助;•5一座大陆桥•6被迫成为•7此外•8死于•9艰难时期•10史前时期thefirstpeopleItislikelythatatleastbymeansofalandbridgebeforcedintoinadditiondiefromtheseterribletimesinprehistorictimes3.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.noonereallyknows是主句,exactlywhen…California是knows的宾语从句。whatwe…California是宾语从句,作介词in的宾语。4.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.1)sb./sth.islikelytodosth.某人/某物有可能做某事Itislikely/probable/possiblethat...有可能…Itispossibleforsb.todosth.....有可能做...2)辨析：likely,possible与probablepossible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。probable:句型为Itisprobablethat…possible:句型为It’spossible(forsb.)todosth./It’spossiblethat…likely的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。5.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivalofEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.vi.受痛苦；受损害vt.遭受；忍受suffer辨析：suffer与sufferfromsuffer(vt.)和sufferfrom的区别：suffer指一般的损害、痛苦等等,其宾语为pain,loss,grief,insult,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice,discouragement,disappointment,setback(挫折)，但sufferfrom表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争／洪水•1.与……打仗•2.占领他们的土地•3.定居•4.宗教人士•5.获得独立•6.对某人宣战•7.强烈的影响fightagainsttaketheirlandsettleinreligiousmengainone’sindependencedeclarewaronsbastronginfluence7.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.16世纪早期,西班牙士兵到达南美洲,这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。fightfor“为事业,自由,真理,权利等而斗争(战斗)”fightagainst(可用with)theenemy“为反对……而斗争”；接人和国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”fightwithsb.也可表示与某人并肩作战辨析:fightagainst,fightfor与fightwith8.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.1)句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize.themajorityof后可用单数名词,也可用复数名词,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。Themajorityofpeoplepreferpeacetowar.Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.•1.在19世纪六十年代••2.实际上•3.实现某人的梦想••4.回家•5.谋生•6.决定做某事intheearly1800sinfactachieveone’sdreamreturnhomemakealivingelecttodo9.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.1)remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。Whentheothershadgone,Joanremained(=stayed)tocleantheroom.remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”,后可接多种成分作表语。1)接名词作表语PeterbecameamanagerbutJohnremainedaworker.Theirmarriageremainsasecret.2)接形容词作表语Whatevergreatprogressyouhavemade,youshouldremainmodest.Theshopremainsopenuntil11atnight.3)接过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如:Theyneverremainedsatisfiedwiththeirsuccesses.(表主语所处的状态)Theyremainedlockedintheroom.(已经发生的被动动作)4)接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的主动动作。如:Theguestscamein,butsheremainedsittingatthedeskreading.(正在进行的主动动作)Theyremainedlistening.5)接不定式作表语,表示将来的动作。如:Thisremainstobeproved.(将来被动动作)Whetheritwilldousgoodremainstobeseen.6)接介词短语作表语IhaveremainedintouchwiththeGreensformorethan10years.Hehadtoremaininhospitaluntilhewasbetter.注意:①remain作名词时,表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式。如:Theremainsofamealcanbegiventoapig.TheyfoundsomeremainsoftheTangDynasty.②remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语;而left则只能作后置定语。如:Thereareonly5booksleft.Heboughtmeagiftwiththeremainingmoney.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethe31stfederalstateoftheUSA,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.5.electVi.选择，决定做某事；Vt.选举，推选1).electtodo…=choose/decidetodo…选择，决定做某事翻译：现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleelecttoworkathome.2).electsb.(tobe/as)…选举/推选某人为…翻译：美国人民每隔4年选一次总统。奥巴马当选为美国第44任总统。AmericanselectaPresidenteveryfouryearsandObamawaselectedasthe44thpresidentofAmerica.*adj.候任的，当选而尚未就职的（用于名词后）*n.election选举/推选electionresults•1.在19世纪六十年代•2.建立他们自己的城镇••3.坚持；维持•4.包括•5.在……初期•6.在最近的几十年••7.开始做某事inthe1860sestablishatownoftheirownkeepupincludingatthebeginningofinmorerecentdecadesbegindoing18.Itisbelievedthat…Itissaidthat…Itishopedthat…Itissupposedthat…Itissuggestedthat…Itisreportedthat主语从句ItisreportedthatsomeEuropeancountriesarefloodedseverely.Itishopedthatthecostofmedicalcarecanbecutdown.人们认为/相信......据说......人们希望......人们认为.......人们建议......据报道.........注意:suggest,advise,order,command,insist,require,request等动词常接含虚拟语气的宾语从句:should+do。动词wish后的宾语从句也用虚拟语气。IwishIwereabird.Iwi