国外阅读理论研究概述-杨素珍

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 1719954(69)杨素珍  ,。、、,、。,,。、、,、,,。,,(、、、)(leastteachable)。。,。60,,、、“”。,、(、)。,。Caroll(1964):“`→→’。”,,,,,,。,()。“”。“”、、,。,、。,。,,fuck,shit;,“”、“”;、、,“”、“”。,。:“theBigC”,“C、A”“Growth”。。,“”“”“”,,“”。。、、,,,,。,,、,、、、、。《·》:“,,”;《··》:“,,。”,,,,。:①:《》259,。②、、:《》10,。③RchardMusman,BackgroundtotheU.S.AP120.④TheBibleSocietiesHolyBible--GoodNewsEdition,PrintedinGreatBritainattheUniversityPress,Cambridge.⑤⑦FrancisL.K.HSU.Amricans&Chinese:PassagetoDifferences.TheUniversityPressofHawaii,U.S.,1981.⑥:《》,19902。⑧《》1995918。    37、SmithGoodman。1971,Smith“”(redundancy),,:“、、”,,,,:(,,)。(),。,Goodman(1967)“”。,,,,,,。SmithGoodman,,,,:1.。(Esey,1973andSaville-Troike,1973),,,,。(Clarke,SilbersteinWiddewson1978,1983),(),,。,,,,。:“,。”2.,,。,Widdowson(sig-nificance)(value):(signifi-cance);(value),。:“。”,,,,。,Widdonson:(cohesivede-vices),,、。Widdonson,。3.,,。1979,Coady:(Conceptualabilities)(processstrategies),。,,,、,。,,,,。、,。(schemata),ImmannelKant(1781)。。SirFredericBartlett,,,。。,。:,,。,,,,。,()(),,。(bottom-up)(top-down),,,。,,。。,,(Rumelhart,1977)。,,;,。,38,。。Carrell。:(contentschemata)(formalschemata)。Carrell(1984b,1987):(),;(asigmficantindependentcontributor)。,。,。,,,,。(Clarbe,1979,Eskey,1989,Grabe,1991):“,,。”、,,。,,,,,。,,,,。、,。,,。,。:,。:“,(predictor)”(Adams,1990)。“(Cunninghametat,1991)。。、、,“”(partialspec-ifications)。,,。(implications)(Samueletal.1984)。,,,。,:1.(。,。、,。2.(,,)。,,、。,。,:;;;,。。,,。,,,。,。:1.Carrll,P.L.(1984a)SchematheoryandESLreading:classroomimplicationsandapplications.ModernLanguageJour-nal.2.Carrell,P.L.etal.(Eds)(1988)InteractiveApproachestoSecondLanguageReading.Cambridge:CUP3.Goodman,K.S(1967)“Reading:Apsycholinguisticguessinggame”inJoutnaloftheReadingSpecialist4.Grabe,W(1991)CurrentdevelopmentinsecondLan-guagereadingresearch。TESOLQuarterlyVol.255.Smith,F(111971)Understandingreading:apsycholin-guisticanalysisofreadingandLearningtoread.NewYork:Holt,RinehartandWinston.6.Widdowson,H.G(1978)TeachingLanguageasCom-munication.Oxford:CUP.    39

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