科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意思。一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中,又往往有几个不同的词义。根据词类选择词义Anelectronisanextremelysmallcorpusclewithnegativechargewhichroundsaboutthenucleusofanatom.电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。(动词)Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球环绕太阳运行。(介词)Roundsurfacereflectorisakeyunitforthesolarenergydevice.弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。(形容词)Thetreemeasuresfortyinchesround.这棵树树围40英寸。(副词)Thisisthewholeroundofknowledge.这就是全部的知识范围。(名词)Likechargesrepel,unlikechargesattract.同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。(形容词)Inthesunbeampassingthroughthewindowtherearefinegrainsofdustshininglikegold.在射入窗内的阳光里,细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。(介词)Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike.正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等类物质。(名词)Helikesmakingexperimentsinchemistry.他喜欢做化学实验。(动词)Wavesinwatermovelikethewaveformmovesalongarope.波在水中移动就象波形沿着绳子移动一样。(连词)Plasticswasatfirstbasedoncoalandwood.最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。(动词)Asweallknow,abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.众所周知,碱与酸起反应变成盐。(名词)Ironandbrassarebasemetals.铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。(形容词)Wehavenowaccumulatedaconsiderablebodyofknowledgeaboutelectronics.目前,我们在电子学方面已经积累了大量知识。(名词)Theyareindesperateneedofthiskindofbodiedoil.他们非常需要这种聚合油。(过去分词)Imaginationbodiesforththeformsofthingsunknown.想象力能使未知事物的形象呈现出来。(动词)根据上下文选择词义Ourworktodayistoworkoutthedesign.我们今天的工作是把设计做出来。Tomovesomethingistodowork.移动物体就是作功。Welikehisworksverymuch.我们非常喜欢他的著作。Thebuildingofthesegiantironandsteelworkswillgreatlyacceleratethedevelopmentoftheironandsteelindustryofourcountry.这些大型钢铁厂的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。Theworksofthesewatchesandclocksareallhome-produced.这些钟表里的机件全部都是国产的。Weshouldpointout,however,thata11electricalsystemsarenotconservative.然而,应该指出并非所有电的系统都是守恒系统。Ifyoupushhardagainstsomethingandmoveit,youhavedonework.如果用力推一件东西而移动了,就作了功。Beforeitbeginstowork,theyeastissubjecttodisruptioncausedbyfluctuationsintemperature.酵母在发酵之前,易受温度变化的影响而产生分解。Thevolumevariesasthetemperatureincreases.体积随着温度增加而变化。Ascottonisliabletoabsorbmoisture,theinsulationwillbeadverselyaffected.因为棉花容易吸收水分,其绝缘性能会受到不利影响。Smallasatomsare,electronsarestillsmaller.原子虽然小,但电子更小。Electronsmoveroundthenucleusjustasplanetsmoveroundthesun.电子绕原子核转动,就像行星绕太阳运行一样。根据学科专业选择词义Theelectronicmicroscopepossessesveryhighresolvingpowercomparedwiththeopticalmicroscope.与光学显微镜相比,电子显微镜具有极高的分辨率Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.电力可以输送到很远的地方。Thefourthpowerofthreeiseighty-one.3的4次方是81。Thecombiningpowerofoneelementinthecompoundmustequalthecombiningpoweroftheotherelement.化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一元素的化合价。Explosivetechnologicaldevelopmentafter1940gavethemedicalprofessionenormouspowertofightdiseaseandsickness.1940年以来,随着技术的迅速发展,医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。Semiconductordeviceshavenofilamentorheatersandthereforerequirenoheatingpowerorwarmeduptime.半导体器件没有灯丝,因此不需要加热功率和加热时间。Acarneedsalotofpowertogofast.汽车高速行驶需要很大动力。Streamsandwaterfallaresuitableforthedevelopmentofhydroelectricpower.溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电能源。Whatismeantby“power”?By“power”.wemeantherateofdoingwork.功率是什么?所谓功率,我们指的是做功的速率。(机械学)Specialequipmentassuresthatthecomputerswillnotbedisturbedbypowerinterruptionsthatlastlessthantwohours.在停电两小时以内的情况下,有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。(电学)Thethirdpowerof3is27。3的三次方(幂)是27。(数学)Thisisa20powerbinocularmicroscope.这是一架20倍双目显微镜。(光学)Aluminumhasacombiningpowerofthree铝的化合价是三。(化学)Itisbeyondthepowerofmedicinetocurehim.他的病非药力所能治愈。(医学)Thenucleusistheinformationcenterofthecell.细胞核是细胞的信息中枢。Hewasimprisonedinacell.他被关在监狱的单人小牢房中。Inthecenterofthespaciousworkshopstoodacellwithpacketsofblockanodes.在宽敞的车间中央有一个装有一组组阳极板的电解槽。Whentheendsofacopperwirearejoinedtoadevicecalledanelectriccellasteadystreamofelectricityflowsthroughthewire.当把一根铜丝的两端连接到一种叫做电池的电器上时,就会有稳定的电流流过该铜丝。Thelatheshouldbesetonafirmbase.车床应安装在坚实的底座上。(机械)Asweallknow,abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.众所周知,碱与酸反应生成盐。(化学)Atransistorhasthreeelectrodes,theemitter,thebaseandthecollector.晶体管有三个电极,即发射极,基极和集电极。(电子)LineABisthebaseofthetriangleABC.AB线是三角形ABC的底边。(几何)Abaseoflogarithmsmustbeapositivenumber,notequaltoOne.对数的底数必须是一个不为1的正数。(数学)Heisonthesecondbase.他在二垒。(体育)试译下列各句,注意根据词类确定划线词的词义:Aluminumislightandstrongsothatitiswidelyusedinaircraftindustry.Likechargesrepel,whileunlikechargesattract.Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike.Amagneticfieldisbuilduproundthecoil.Smallasatomsare,electronsarestillsmaller.Key:铝既轻又坚硬,所以广泛用于航空工业。同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。线圈周围形成了一个磁场。原子虽小,但电子却更小。试译下列各句,注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义:Whensunlightfallsontheleavesofplants,itistransformedintochemicalenergy.Thereisnophysicalcontactbetweenworkpieceandtool.Theamountofworkisequaltotheproductoftheforcebythedistance.Thethickerthewire,themorefreelyitwillcarrycurrent,andthelessitsresistance.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.Key:当阳光照在植物的叶子上时,就变成化学能。工件和刀具不直接接触。功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。导线越粗,就越容易导电,电阻也就越小。气压低,沸点就低。