英语国家概况课件(修订版)__Chapter-2

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter2HistoryTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpireTheFoundingoftheNationITransitiontotheModernAgeIIIIIBritainsinceWorldWarIIIVAdditionalInformationVCONTENTForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheFoundingoftheNationI2.FeudalSociety1RomanBritainandtheAnglo-SaxonsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesthefirstknownsettlersontheBritainIslesweretheIberians(Between3000and2000BC)TheEarliestSettlersontheBritishIsles1.1TheIberiansForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheIberianPeninsulaTheIberianPeninsulainthe470'sForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesStonehengeItisthemostfamousprehistoricmonumentinBritainandissituatedonSalisburyPlaininthecountyofWiltshire.PeoplebeganbuildingStonehengeabout5,100yearsago,draggingeachstoneintoplace.StonehengeanditsStatue1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-SaxonsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries1.2TheBeakerFolkEarlyBronzeAgepeoplelivingabout4,500yearsagointhetemperatezonesofEurope;Theyreceivedtheirnamefromtheirdistinctivebell-shapedbeakers,decoratedinhorizontalzonesbyfinelytoothedstamps.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries1.3TheCeltsTheCeltsoftheHeroicAge,openingwiththefifthcenturyBC,begantoarriveinBritainatabout700BCandkeptcominguntilthearrivaloftheRomans.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesThenameofBritain—BritonsTribalsocietyCelticLanguage(IrishGaelic,ScottishGaelic,Welsh)CelticBritain(8th-5thCenturyBC)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesFirstinvasion—InAugust55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond—Caesar'ssecondraidin54BCThirdandfinal—In43AD,EmperorClaudius,finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft—GermanicbarbariansattackedRome,forcingallRomantroopstoleaveBritain,andthusendingtheRomanoccupationoftheisland.1.4RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesJuliusCaesar(GaiusJuliusCaesar,恺撒大帝,100BC-44BC)ChangedthecourseofthehistoryoftheGreco-Romanworlddecisivelyandirreversibly.Launchedaseriesofpoliticalandsocialreforms.Assassinatedbyagroupofnobles.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)JuliusCaesarForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesCapableadministrators&goodbuilders(townsandcities&roads)BuildingofLondonRiverThames“LondonBridge”Buildingofroads1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries1.1.4TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion(5th-8thCentury)Germanicpeople(theJutesfromJutland,AnglesfromSouthofDenmarkandSaxonsfromGermany)English(languageoftheAngles)dominantlanguageRomanChristianitySt.AugustinebringsChristianitytoBritainfromRomeandbecomesArchbishopofCanterburyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesHeptarchyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesSt.Augustine(圣奥古斯丁,？-604/605)FirstarchbishopofCanterburyandtheapostle(传道者)ofEngland,whofoundedtheChristianchurchinsouthernEngland.PopeGregorytheGreatchosehimin595toleadamission,usuallyknownastheGregorianmission,toBritaintoChristianizetheKingdomofKent.ConvertedmanyAnglo-SaxonstoRomanChristianity.1.1.4TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion(5th-8thCentury)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries1.1.5DanishInvasion(8thCentury-1066)theVikings(fromtheScandinaviancountries:Norway,DenmarkandSweden)AlfredtheGreat:kingofWessexPeaceTreaty:TheeasternhalfoftheislandwastobesubjecttotheDanishlawknownastheDanelaw.From1016to1042,undertheruleofDanishkingsIn1042,theEnglishthronewasreturnedtotheAnglo-Saxons.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAlfredtheGreat(阿尔弗雷德大帝,871-899)HepreventedEnglandfromfallingtotheDanesandpromotedlearningandliteracy.CompilationoftheAnglo-SaxonChroniclebeganduringhisreign,c.890.1.1.5DanishInvasion(8thCentury-1066)AlfredtheGreatForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIn1066,EdwardchoseHaroldofWessextobeKinginhisplace.DukeWilliam,oftenreferredtoasWilliamtheConquer,challengedHarold’ssuccession,wontheBattleofHastings,andwascrownedKing.1.1.6TheNormanConquestNormanCavalierWilliamtheConquerForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesNormanConquest(诺曼征服)ThemilitaryconquestofEnglandbyWilliam,dukeofNormandy.ItisprimarilyaffectedbyhisdecisivevictoryattheBattleofHastings(Oct.14,1066)andresultsultimatelyinprofoundpolitical,administrative,andsocialchangesintheBritishIsles.1.1.6TheNormanConquestForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesImmediatelyafterC