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PompeiiRobertSilverbergReinforcementTextAnalysisPompeiiBackgroundWarmingupUnit10Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWarmingupUnit10PompeiiWarmingupQuestions/Activities•WhydoestheauthorcallPompeiiastrangecity?•Whathappenedtothecity?•Whatwasthecitylikebeforeitwasdestroyed?•Whataresomeothernaturaldisastersinworldhistorythatyouhavelearnedabout?Check-onPreviewMatchthewordswiththeircorrectmeaninginthetext.1.hurl2.graze3.cram4.intact5.mighty6.shattera.verystrongorpowerfulb.tosuddenlybreakintosmallpiecesc.tothrowviolentlyinaparticulardirectione.toeatgrassgrowinginafieldf.topushsb./sth.intoasmallplaceg.completeandnotdamagedWarmingupObjectives•Understandthestructureandthegeneralideaofthetext•KnowsomethingaboutthehistoryofPompeiiandwhathappenedinAD79•Beabletousespecificverbstodescribethings•Beabletocreateadominantimpressionbyusingwordsaboutfivesenses•Knowsomethingaboutnaturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptions,earthquakes,tornadoetc.WarmingupBackgroundCultureTipsAuthorPompeiiUnit10BackgroundAuthorRobertSilverberg(bornJanuary15,1935)isanAmericanauthor,bestknownforwritingsciencefiction.In1956hegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversity,havingmajoredinComparativeLiterature.HisLifeCultureTips•NaplesisthecapitalofCampaniaandthethird-largestcityinItaly,afterRomeandMilan.Ithasapopulationofnearlyonemillionwithinitsadministrativelimitsonalandareaof117.3km2(45sqmi).TheurbanareaofNaplesextendsbeyondtheadministrativecitylimits,withapopulationofabovethreemillion.Background•ThecityofPompeiiisapartiallyburiedRomantown-citynearmodernNaples.Pompeiiwaspartiallydestroyedandburiedunder4to6m(13to20ft)ofashandpumiceintheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79,anditwaslostfornearly1700yearsbeforeitsaccidentalrediscoveryin1749.Sincethen,itsexcavationhasprovidedanextraordinarilydetailedinsightintothelifeofacityduringthePaxRomana.Today,thisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsofItaly,withapproximately2,500,000visitorseveryyear.CultureTipsBackgroundPompeiitheLastDay•AmultidisciplinarystudyoftheeruptionproductsandvictimsindicatesthatatVesuviusandsurroundingtowns,heatwasthemaincauseofdeathofpeople,previouslybelievedtohavediedfromashsuffocation.Theresultsofthestudy,publishedin2010,showthatexposuretoatleast250°Chotsurgesatadistanceof10kilometersfromtheventwassufficienttocauseinstantdeath,evenifpeoplewereshelteredwithinbuildings.CultureTipsBackgroundMountVesuvius•MountVesuviusisbestknownforitseruptioninAD79thatledtotheburyinganddestructionoftheRomancitiesofPompeiiandHerculaneum.Theywereneverrebuilt,althoughsurvivingtownspeopleandprobablylootersdidundertakeextensivesalvageworkafterthedestructions.Thetowns'locationswereeventuallyforgottenuntiltheiraccidentalrediscoveryinthe18thcentury.Pompeii,withVesuviustoweringaboveCultureTipsBackgroundVesuviusfromplaneCultureTipsInsidethecraterofVesuviusBackgroundJupiteristhekingofthegodsandthegodofskyandthunder.JupiterwasthechiefdeityofRomanstatereligionthroughouttheRepublicanandImperialeras,untiltheEmpirecameunderChristianrule.Jupiteristhoughttohaveoriginatedasaskygod.Hisidentifyingimplementisthethunderbolt,andhisprimarysacredanimalistheeagle,whichheldprecedenceoverotherbirdsinthetakingofauspicesandbecameoneofthemostcommonsymbolsoftheRomanarmy.CultureTipsBackgroundApolloisoneofthemostimportantandcomplexOlympiandeitiesinancientGreekandRomanreligion,GreekandRomanmythology.ApollohasbeenvariouslyrecognizedasagodoflightandtheSun,truthandprophecy,healing,plague,music,poetry,andmore.ApolloisthesonofZeusandLeto,andhasatwinsister,thechastehuntressArtemis.CultureTipsBackground•IsisisagoddessinAncientEgyptianreligiousbeliefs.Shewasworshippedastheidealmotherandwifeaswellasthepatronofnatureandmagic.Shewasthefriendofslaves,sinners,artisans,andthedowntrodden,andshelistenedtotheprayersofthewealthy,maidens,aristocrats,andrulers.Isisisalsoknownasprotectorofthedeadandgoddessofchildren.•ThenameIsismeansThrone.Herheaddressisathrone.Asthepersonificationofthethrone,shewasanimportantrepresentationofthepharaoh'spower.Thepharaohwasdepictedasherchild,whosatonthethronesheprovided.CultureTipsBackgroundDetailedAnalysisStructureTextAnalysisPompeiiUnit10TextAnalysisStructurePartI:Para.1-7•AbriefaccountofPompeiibeforeandafterAugust24,AD79.PartII:Para.8-9•Adetaileddescriptionofwhathappenedonthedayoftheeruption.•Whatwasthecitylikebeforetheeruption?•WhatwerepeopleinPompeiidoingbeforetheeruption?•Ifthecityhadnotbeendestroyedbythevolcaniceruption,whatwoulditbeliketoday?PartI:MainIdeaTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesWordserupt;strike;perish;shroud;intact;clatter;shimmerPhrasesnoother;comedown;hidefrom;breakthrough;beinplace;cometolife;beinport;clearawaySentencePatterntheday+thatclause;todo…istodo.;…isalloneneedstodo.Grammarinversionstrike(para.4)tocauseapersonorplacetosufferseverelyfromtheeffectsofsomethingveryunpleasantthathappenssuddenlye.g.1.I'vegotalifeinsurancepolicythatwilllookaftermyfamilyifdisasterstrikes.2.Thediseasehasstruckthewholecommunity,sometimeswipingoutwholefamilies.3.T