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摘要I摘要晶体管特性图示仪广泛用于科研，实验教学和工业中，论文选题具有实际意义。本文在学习和查阅相关文件的基础上，介绍了实现一个简易晶体管伏安特性图示仪基本原理和实现方案。在系统硬件设计中，以MCS-51单片机最小系统为核心，扩展了人机对话接口、A/D转换接口；采用555振荡器实现了方波和三角波的输出信号，利用计数器74161和DAC0832产生梯形波，通过比较器LM311构成识别晶体管类型的判断。系统的软件设计是在Keil51的平台上，使用C语言与汇编语言混合编程编写了系统应用软件；包括主程序模块、显示模块、数据采集模块和数据处理模块。最后，实际制作了一台样机，在实验室里进行了测试，结果表明该样机的功能和指标得到了设计要求。关键词：晶体管图示仪，伏安特性，单片机西安交通大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）IIABSTRACTIIIABSTRACTTransistorcurvetracersusedinresearch,teachingandindustrialexperiments,thepracticalsignificanceoftopics.Inthispaper,learningandaccesstorelevantdocuments,basedontherealizationofasimpletransistorintroducedvoltammetriccurvetracersbasictheoryandprograms.InthesystemhardwaredesigntoMCS-51microcomputerasthecore,extendingtheman-machinedialogueinterfaces,A/Dconversioninterface;Achievedby555squarewaveoscillatorandtrianglewaveoutputsignal,generatedusingcounters74161andDAC0832trapezoidalwave,ConstituterecognitionbythecomparatorLM311transistortypejudgments.ThesoftwaredesignistheplatformKeil51usingClanguageandassemblylanguageprogrammingpreparedhybridsystemapplicationsoftware;Includingthemainprogrammodule,displaymodule,dataacquisitionmoduleanddataprocessingmoduleFinally,theactualproductionofaprototype,testedinthelaboratoryresultsshowthattheprototypeofthefunctionsandindicatorsarethedesignrequirements.KEYWORDS:TransistorTracer,Volt-amperecharacteristics,Singlesliceofmachine西安交通大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）IV目录V目录摘要......................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...........................................................................................................III1前言..................................................................................................................11.1设计的背景及意义........................................................................................11.2发展历史及研究现状.....................................................................................11.3设计所做的工作.............................................................................................21.4论文的结构安排.............................................................................................22晶体管图示仪的系统设计..................................................................................32.1晶体管的工作状态.........................................................................................32.2系统的原理框图............................................................................................32.3设计的方案与选择........................................................................................42.3.1电源模块................................................................................................42.3.2晶体管伏安特性曲线测试模块............................................................42.3.3晶体管放大倍数的显示模块................................................................53晶体管图示仪的系统硬件设计..........................................................................73.1MCS-51单片机最小系统..............................................................................73.2电源电路设计................................................................................................83.3A\D转换电路设计.........................................................................................93.3.1ADC0809的内部逻辑结构...................................................................93.3.2ADC0809引脚结构............................................................................93.3.3ADC0809应用说明..........................................................................103.3.4A/D电路的设计原理............................................................................113.4波形发生电路设计......................................................................................113.4.1阶梯波与三角波产生电路....................................................................113.4.2555振荡器的管脚功能........................................................................123.5显示电路设计..............................................................................................134晶体管图示仪的软件设计................................................................................174.1软件结构框图..............................................................................................174.2数据采集电路的软件设计...........................................................................174.3显示电路的软件设计...................................................................................195系统的调试与测试.............................................................................................215.1调试和测试仪器...........................................................................................215.2系统的调试..................................................................................................21西安交通大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）VI5.3测试结果与分析...........................................................................................236结论与展望........................................................................................................276.1结论..............................................................................................................276