17定语从句

•TheSanFrancisco-basedartistwhospecializesinunusualurbanartprojectswantedtoprovidelistenerswithaspecialexperiencethatwouldallowthemtoescapefromtheirbusylivesandalsofindthemselvesthroughthesongstheyconnectwith.•Afterall,whenwegetEbolaundercontrol,there’llbethesatisfactionofknowingIdidajobthatmaybenoteveryonecouldhavedoneandthatIplayedasmallpartinhelpingtoovercomethisterribledisease.定语从句宾语从句(与Ididajob作knowing的宾语)•Sheisthepersonwhowrotethisgreatbook.先行词关系词主句定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词(theantecedent)。引导定语从句的词叫关系词(theguideword)。•Iappreciatethosewhoarekind.•ThebookthatIamlookingforiswrittenbyMr.Xu.•MikeboughtacarwhichwasmadeinJapan.•跟在关系词（引导词）后的句子是从句（缺成分），剩余部分是主句。•从句前必须有名词或代词。关系代词指代从句成分whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词whenwherewhy主、宾宾主、宾、表主、宾定语时间状语地点状语原因状语人人人、物物人的、物的时间地点原因•定语从句根据其与先行词的密切程度可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。•限制性定语从句时整个句子不可缺少的部分，起修饰限定作用。•非限制性定语从句前通常有逗号，起补充说明作用。限定性定语从句中只能用that的情况•1.当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。•Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.•ThatisallthatIwanttosay.•2.当先行词前面被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。•Thisisthepersonthat/whoI’mwaitingfor.•ThisistheverypersonthatI’mwaitingfor.•Thethingthat/whichwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.•Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.•3.当先行词既有人又有物时。•Doyouknowthethingsthat/whichtheyaretalkingabout?•Doyouknowthepersonswhom/thattheyaretalkingabout?•Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?•4.当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。•Thisisafilmthat/whichI’veeverseen.•ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.•5.当先行词是序数词或先行词前面有序数词修饰时。•Whatisthefilmthat/whichyouhaveseen?•Whatisthefirstfilmthatyouhaveseen?•6、当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时。•Whichisthebikethatyoulost?•Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?•7、当先行词在主句中作表语，同时关系代词也在从句中作表语时。•Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.theonly,theverythesame,no,any两项并列人与物不定、序数、最高级定语从句中只能用which的情况1.在非限定性定语从句中，只能用which。Hehadfailedinthemathexam,whichmadehisfatherangry.2.当从句中动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which。ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.PS:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词前。lookfor,findout指人时用who不用that的情况1.先行词是one,ones,anyone,anybody,those等时。Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2.在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人时。John,whocametoseemeyesterday,ismybrother.whose•在从句中作定语，相当于of+which/whom,表示从属关系。•whose+n.•=the+n.+ofwhom/which•=ofwhom/which+the+n.•Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.•Helivesinaroomthewindowofwhich(ofwhichthewindow)facessouth.关系副词•when,why,where在从句中作状语。•IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIwasforcedtodropoutofschool.•Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.•Theroomwhereheusedtolivehasnowbeenturnedintoamuseum.•如果表示时间或地点的先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语而不是状语时，需用which或that引导。•Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinschool?•IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIwasforcedtodropoutofschool.as引导的定语从句•as引导限制性定语从句，通常与thesame,such,so等连用，可指人也可指物。•Suchpeopleasyoudescribedarerarenowadays.•Heisnotthesamemanashewas.•在非限制性定语从句中,as作为关系代词代替整个主句。as和which•当从句和主句意义一致时，用as;否则用which•Hebecameadoctor,asweexpected.•Hebecameadoctor,whichweneverexpected.•as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown/said/reported等。•as引导的非限定性定语从句能置于句首、句中或句尾；而which则只能置于主句之后介词+关系代词•1.介词＋关系代词•MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.•2.名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词•Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors.•3.形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词•Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.•4.介词＋关系代词＋名词•Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.•用于“介词＋关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词＋which/whom。•很多情况下关系副词可以用“介词＋which/whom”来代替。介词+关系代词介词的选择•1.根据从句中谓语的搭配习惯•ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10Yuan.•ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10Yuan.•2.根据先行词的搭配习惯•DoyouremembertheyearinwhichyoufirstvisitedBeijing?判断方法关系词关系代词关系副词关系词只用which关系词只用who关系词只用that关系副词找从句(缺成分)，前有名词或代词which,that,who,whom,as,whosewhen,where,whywhywherewhen先行词为时间名词，表时间先行词为reason，表原因先行词为(抽象化)地点名词，表地点theonly,thevery;thesame,no,any;两项并列人与物;不定、序数、最高级在非限定性定语从句中;当从句中动词短语中的介词提前时先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等时;在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人时定语从句的考察考察形式•阅读中长难句分析•语法填空•短文改错•书面表达考点•从句判断•关系词•主谓一致1.Itisafactthatshehasdoneherbest.2.Itisafactthatyoucan’tdeny.3.ThisistheverydictionarythatI’mlookingfor.4.Weneedadynamicteamleaderwhocanreallymotivatethememberstoworkharder.5.Goodshoes,clothesandabackpackarethebasicequipmentyouneedforyourhiking.6.Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetingisstillaquestion.7.ThelettersaysthattheyareleavingonFriday.8.It’smucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhavesimilarinterests.1.他是一个说话算数的人。2.你昨天在校园里碰到的那些人是从英国来的。3.你们系里有谁的父亲是画家吗?4.同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说英语。5.你正在读的那本书是一位美国现代小说家写的。6.那辆坏了的自行车现在已经修好了。7.他将永远记着父亲从美国返回的那一天。8.这就是她动身去北京的时间。9.他妹妹工作的那家书店是南京最大的。10.我不知道他为什么没参加昨天上午的会议。•Heisamanwho(that)meanswhathesays.•他是一个说话算数的人。(指人,作主语)•Thepeoplewhom(that)youmetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.•你昨天在校园里碰到的那些人是从英国来的。(指人,作宾语)•Isthereanyoneinyourdepartmentwhosefatherisapainter?•你们系里有谁的父亲是画家吗?(指人,作定语)•TheyoungmanwithwhomItravelledcouldspeakEnglish.•同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说英语。(指人,作宾语)•Thebookwhich(that)youarereadingiswrittenbyacontemporaryAmericannovelist.•你正在读的那本书是一位美国现代小说家写的。(指物,作宾语)•Thebicyclethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.•那辆坏了的自行车现在已经修好了。(指物,作主语)•Hewillalwaysremembertheda