第二部分 第十讲 定语从句

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关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where,when,why)。(1)that、which代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等;which还可以引导非限制性定语从句,代替主句的内容,that则不能。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多,这一点当然让他们很嫉妒。(2)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Womenwhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosewhodon't.(who在从句中作主语)每天喝两杯多咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的机会比不喝咖啡的妇女高。Heisthemanwhom/thatIamwaitingfor.他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(3)关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。具体用法如下:when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。[注意]先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句,而要用which/that。Istillrememberthedaywhich/thatwespenttogetherinthecity.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代theday,作spent的宾语)。1.(湖北高考)Mymotherwassoproudofall________(我所做的)thatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.(do)答案:(that)Ihaddone2.(湖北高考)Thecity____________________(我成长的)isveryhotanddampinsummer.(grow)答案:where/inwhichIgrewup解析:考查由where或inwhich引导的定语从句;设空处用一般过去时态。whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中作定语,相当于my,his,her,its,their等,修饰人或物。ofwhich可以代替whose指物,词序一般是:the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词。ofwhom可以代替whose指人,词序是:the+名词+ofwhom。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Theclassroom,whosedoorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。Manychildren,whoseparentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.(2009·安徽高考)很多孩子在这个村里都得到了很好的照顾,他们的父母远在大城市里打工。1.(2010·北京高考)Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that解析:此题考查定语从句。先行词为children,or连接两个并列的定语从句,第一个定语从句的引导词为who,此处考查第二个引导词,先行词children与从句中的主语diet为所属关系,故选B项。答案:B2.(2010·陕西高考)Theoldtemple________roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose解析:此题考查定语从句。whose在从句中作定语,修饰先行词roof。句意:在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。答案:D3.(2011·福建联考)TheGateofFortune,from________topvisitorscanenjoyawonderfulseaview,willattractlotsoftourists.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.its解析:考查定语从句。top和先行词theGateofFortune存在从属关系,因此应该使用whose,whosetop也可以表示为thetopofwhich或ofwhichthetop。答案:B1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.在会议中我与之谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。[注意]有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。Thisistheperson(who/whom/that)youarelookingfor.这就是你找的那个人。2.与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。Hebuiltatelescope,throughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.他架起一架望远镜,通过它他可以研究天空。Hecametoafarm,onwhichhefinallysettled.他来到一个农场,最终在那里定居下来了。1.(2009·湖北高考)Learningstrategies,to________(老师们认为)importance,havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.(attach)解析:考查定语从句和动词短语。本题用attachimportancetosth.表示“重视”,用一般现在时或现在完成时。本题的解题难点在于判断句式,用“介词+which”引导定语从句。答案:which(the)teachersattach/haveattached2.(2011·襄阳调考)BarackObamawilldeliveraspeechto1,000localyouthsduringhisvisittoShanghai,_________(大多数学生来自)FudanUniversityandTongjiUniversity.(belong)答案:mostofwhombelongto3.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,________________________(其中有许多离开了)theirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(many)答案:manyofwhom(had)leftas与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换。Hemarriedher,as(which)wasnatural.很自然地,他和她结婚了。但在下列情况下一般只能用as。(1)as引导定语从句可以放在句首,而which则不能。Asweknow,morethanseventypercentoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.正如我们所知,地球表面的70%以上由水覆盖。(2)as可表示“正如,正像”,而which无此意。此时,as从句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等单词或短语。Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.正如我们所料,他回家晚了。Asispointedout,thisisagrammarproblem.正如所指出的,这是个语法问题。PeoplegenerallyagreethatAmericanEnglishdiffersfromBritishEnglishabit,asissaidabove.正如上面所说,大部分人都同意美式英语与英式英语有点不同。(3)当先行词被thesame,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.我买了一本跟你的一样的书。Thisissuchaneasyquestionaseveryonecanworkout.=Thisissuchaneasyquestionthateveryonecanworkitout.这是这么一个简单的问题,每个人都能解决。He'llmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.他将与他能发现的最漂亮的女孩结婚。[注意]当先行词被thesame修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。thesame...as(指同样或同类的),thesame...that(指同一个)ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块表。1.(2010·湖北高考)____________________________(正如我们强调的那样)manytimes,“servethepeople”isourfirstpolicy.(stress)答案:Aswehavestressed/Ashasbeenstressed2.(2011·武汉质检)Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,____________(这是真的).(true)答案:whichwastrue1.“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时我们可以见到“介词+where”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow,而不是fromthewindow)Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.中国是风筝的故乡,从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。2.分隔式定语从句。定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan'tunderstand.我不能理解他眼中表达的东西。ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.中国人民被轻视的日子一去不复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