高考语法复习——主谓一致高三英语备课组在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语也用复数。思考:1.Airaswellaswatermatter.空气和水都是物质。2.Nooneexcepttwoservantslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。iswas考点一:单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(像),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数思考:1.Thepoetandwriter.那位诗人兼作家来了。2.Ahammerandasawusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。hascomeare考点二:用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数。思考:1.Servingthepeoplemygreatesthappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.2.Whenwe’llgooutforanouting.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。ishasbeendecided考点三:不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。思考:1.Everyboyandeverygirltogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。2.Noteacherandnostudentabsentfromthemeeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。3.Eachmanand(each)womanaskedtohelp.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。likeswasis考点四:用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,noone等不定代词作主语,谓语通常是单数。Eachofussomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说。has考点五:eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。思考:1.Manyaboyplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。2.Morethanonestudent.不只一个学生迟到。3.Morepersonsthanonehelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。likeswaslatecometo考点六:若主语中有morethanone或manya/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数。思考:Noneofusperfect.人无完人。Noneofthisme.这事一点不使我着急。are(is)worries考点七:none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数:但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。Hisclothesgood.Apairofglassesonthedesk.areis考点八:名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单数。考点九:形复意单名词如:news,以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNights;以及TheUnitedNations等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Onlyoneandahalfapplesleftonthetable.is考点十:“a+名词+andahalf”,“oneandahalf+名词”,“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点。Whoyourfather?谁是你父亲?Whoyourparents?谁是你父母?isare考点十一:who,what,which等疑问代词作主语,其主谓一致要根据观念一致原则来确定。二、意义一致原则:Therestofthebikestoday.剩下的自行车今天特价出售。60%oftheappleeatenbythelittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。areonsalewas考点一:主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。Apartofthetextbooksarrived.一小部分教科书已运到。Apartoftheappleeatenupbythepig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。havehasbeen考点二:不定数量的词组,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。但agreatquantityof+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;而如果agreatquantityof+可数名词,谓语动词用复数数;quantitiesof+名词构成的主语,谓语动词用复数;alargeamount/amountsof+不可数名词,谓语动词根据amount的单复数而定;Anumberof+复数名词,表示“许多。。。。。。”,谓语动词用复数;Thenumberof+名词,表示“。。。。。。的数量”,谓语动词用单数。内容一致内容一致quitea语法一致Fifteenminusfiveten.15减去5等于10。is考点三:加减乘除用单数。Tenmilesagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离。is考点四:表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数。TheBritishpoliceonlyverylimitedpowers.英国警察只有很有限的权力。have考点五:有些集体名词常作复数,包括:police,people,cattle等。有些常作不可数名词的集体名词,如equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage。而有一些既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词,包括audience,committee,government,family,class,nation,enemy,group,party,team,public等Therich___notalwayshappy.A.isB.hasC.haveD.areD考点六:“the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。三、就近原则:Herethebus公共汽车来了。Hereapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。comesis考点一:由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。Neitherthestudentsnortheteacheranythingaboutit.学生和老师都不知道这事。Heoryoumypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。knowshavetaken考点二:用连词or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenDMaryisoneofthosepeoplewhopets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。raise特殊考点归纳:1、oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数。The(only)oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。Themanwhowantstoseeyouhere.要见你的人在这儿。Someoftheenergythatisusedbymannowadaysfromtheatom.人类现今使用的一些能量来自原子。iscomes特殊考点归纳:2、关系代词who,that,which在定语从句中作主语,从句的谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。You,notI,tobepraised.是你不是我要受表扬。I,notyou,tobeblamed.是我不是你要受责备。aream特殊考点归纳:一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语,同时并用,谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。过关落实1.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts______thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are解析:“asurvey”作主语,谓语动词用单数;表时间,距离,金钱的可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词也用单数。答案:B2.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen解析:主语是“thetime”,故谓语动词用单数。答案:A3.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析:此处onethird指onethirdof20notebookcomputers,故为复数;与now相对,用过去时。答案:D4.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe解析:主语为“大部分对Smith夫妇的说法”,看成单数,谓语动词用is。答案:B5.Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析:apoetandartist指一个人,既是诗人,也是艺术家。答案:A6.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing解析:主语仍为thefather,单数形式;aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语,不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案:C7.________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are解析:表