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1B8-U1词汇学习1.distinctionn.差别；区分；卓著①Thereisafinedistinctionbetweenthetwowords.②Weshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.③Employersshouldhiremenandwomenwithoutdistinction.④MichaelgraduatedwithdistinctionfromHamiseniorhighschool.distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的bedistinctin...from...在某方面与……不同⑤Shakespeare在写作风格上与鲁迅截然不同2.liveon继续活着,继续存在；住在…上；以…为食1.Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.2.Thesetraditionswillliveonforcenturies.3.Thepeoplefindithardtoliveon.民不聊生.[短语归纳]live短语：liveonsth以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活livebydoingsth靠做某事物为生livea...life过着……的生活3.meansn．手段；方法(单复数同形)①Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried，butnoneworked.＝Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried，butnoneworked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。bythismeansbymeansofbyallmeansbyeverymeansbynomeansbyanymean(1)bymeansof借用，依靠Weexpressourfeelingsbymeansofwords.(2)bynomeans＝notatall一点……也不BynomeansamIsatisfiedwithmypresentjob.(3)bythismeans通过这种方式Youcandoitbythismeans.(4)byallmeans可以，当然行，务必—MayIuseyourbicycle?—Byallmeans！练习：1．Butbynomeans_____withmyprogress.（老师绝不会对我的进步满意）2．Thepolicelookedintothecasecarefullyandfoundthethiefhadenteredthehouse________aladder.3．Shecouldn’tspeak，butmadeherwishesknown________sign.4.—Doyouthinkweshouldputanadinthepaperforthelostchild?—Yes，________.4.inadditionadv.另外；除此之外；并且；况且①位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。许多词可以和它替换，如：2additionally，furthermore，besides。②Inaddition位于句末，相当于“aswell”（1）Youneedmoneyandtime,inaddition,youneeddiligence.（2）Marygaveussandwichesforourpicnicandabagofcookiesinaddition.玛丽为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋曲奇。Inadditionto整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。Inadditiontonativeplants,thisgardencontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。Inadditiontothekilledandwounded,manyweremissing.除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。5.majorityn．大多数；大半(反义词minority少数；少数民族)majoradj.&n.较大的，主要的；主修，专攻beinthe/amajority构成大部分/大多数A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.Themajorityofstudentsfinditquitehardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget.(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。Themajoritywas/wereinfavourofbanningsmoking.大多数人支持禁烟。Themajoritywere/wasagainsttheplan.大多数人反对这个计划。(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.6.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉短语归纳]keep短语：keepupwithsb/sth.keep(on)doingsth.keepawayfromkeepsbbackfromsb/sthkeepsth.backkeeponeself/sbfromsth/doingsthkeepsthfromsbkeepoff(sb/sth)keepsb/sthout(ofsth)keepintouchwithkeepfit7.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等cometolifelive/leada．..lifecomebacktolifebring...backtolifemake/startanewlifemakealivingby①Somepeoplefromthecountryfindithardtoinbigcities.一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。②TheymovedoutWesttothere.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。③Andanywayhewasdead.Nobodycouldhim.总之，他已经死了。没有人能使他复活。④Theoldcouplesellingvegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。38.despiteprep.尽管；不管n.憎恨；轻视①Despiteoldage,sheisstilllearningtodrive.尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。②Despitealloureffortswestilllostthegame.尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。Despite用作介词时，与inspiteof同义，都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意，但程度有所不同。一般说来，inspiteof的语气较强，使用范围也较广；despite的语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite与(al)though都有“尽管”的意思，despite是介词，后接名词或代词；而although=though是连词，后接表示让步的状语从句。例如：①Ithinkheissad,despitehissmiles.②Wewentforawalkalthough/thoughitwasraining.③Bravelythoughtheyfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.9.occurvi.A.存在B.发生C.被想到(1)Earthquakesoccurfrequentlyinthisarea.(2)Itdidn'toccurtohimthatshewouldrefusehisinvitation.(3)DogiraffesoccurinAfricaonly?sth.occurstosb.某人想起某事Itoccurstosb.that…某人想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人想起做某事表示“某人突然想起……”的其他句型：sth.strikessb.Itstrikessb.that…Itcrossessb.'smindthat…sth.comestosb.…①Itsuddenlytothedetectivethatthemillionairewasprobablymurderedbyhisowndaughter.②Anaccidentdid,however,_______atthestreetcornerlastnight.10indicatevt.指出,指明，表明；象征；指示,显示,暗示，预示；1.Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite.2.Thecloudsindicatethecomingofrain.3.Hishesitationindicatesunwillingness.indicationn.指出/示；表明/示；迹象indicativeadj.指示的；暗示的indicatesth.(tosb.)向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看indicatethat...表示……；示意……11apparentadj.A.显然的B.表面上的apparentlyadv.显然地；显而易见地同义词：obvious(1)Theapparenttruthwasreallyalie.(2)Itisapparentthatironisdifferentfromsteel.(3)Itisapparent(显然的)fromscientificstudiesthatthedrugproducesseveresideeffects.Itisapparentthat…显然Itisapparentfromsththat…从某事物上明显看出…Itisapparenttosbthat…某人明白….12.markout划线;标出……界线41.PleasemarkoutthemistakesImadeinmycomposition.2.Pleasemarkoutthesentencesthatyoudon’tunderstandwitharedpen.marksb.outforsth.选出/选定某人做某事markdown写下，记下；降低……的价格markup标出；提高……的价格markin加画；绘入markoutfor看中；选定13.takein(1)Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday，takingeverythingin.(2)Shewashomelesssowetookherin.(3)Shetookmeincompletelywithherstory.(4)Takeinadeepbreath.(5)Ihopeyou’retakinginwhatI’msaying.14.agreat/goodmany许多；很多(修饰可数名词)①我认识她好多年了。②那些花多数是白色的。agood/greatmany后接复数名词，但agood/greatmany后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。Agreatmanyofusdon’tlikespeakingEnglishinclass.我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。15.applyfor申请，请求1.applyfor...申请……applyto…for…向….申请…①她应聘英语教师的工作。②Wehadtoapplytothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.2.applyto...适用（合）……apply…to…把…运用到…③Whatyousaiddoesn’tapplytome.3.applyoneselfto(doing)sth.专注于；专心做某事④他专心学英语。16.However，itislikelythatNati