时态和语态-动词的时态

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时态和语态By英语的基本句型01动词的时态02被动语态03一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态HomeworkCheckingS+V(主+谓)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+P(主+系+表)S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)说明物质的一个性质主语是一句话的中心,系动词本身有一定的意义,不能单独使用表语是用来修饰的。例句:主系表结构VerbTenses时态1.TheSimplePresentTense一般现在时1.一般现在时经常、反复发生的动作、行为或存在的状况。习惯性、现实性、客观性基本结构:主语+动词原形时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays•Heoftentakesawalkintheevening.•Hedoesn’tspeakFrench.•Waterboilsat100°C.•Thenexttrainleavesat3o’clockthisafternoon.在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替将来时态。•I’lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.•You’llsurelysucceedifyoutryyourbest.1.一般现在时考点例句:习惯性、现实性、客观性经典例题Ifyou______smokinganddrinking,yourhealthwillimprovesoon.A.gaveupB.giveupC.hadgivenupD.willgiveup1)Bothmenspeakloudlyandclearly.S+V主+谓+状经典例题Ifyou______smokinganddrinking,yourhealthwillimprovesoon.A.gaveupB.giveupC.hadgivenupD.willgiveup解析:B。在条件或者时间状语从句中,常用一般时现在时表示将来S+V主+谓+状2.TheSimplePastTense一般过去时2.一般过去时过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month…),in1989,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构:主语+动词过去式1.Sheboughtanewcarlastweek.2.Iwasn’ttherelastnight.3.Youlookedprettyupsetjustnow.4.Heneversmoked.2.一般过去时22例句:3.TheSimpleFutureTense一般将来时3.一般将来时行为动词的过去式表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.主语+am/is/are+goingto+do;主语+will/shall+do.•Wewon’tbefreetonight.•WeshallleaveforLondonnextMonday.•Heisgoingtomeetthemanagerattheairport•Lookatthecloud!It’sgoingtorain.•Thegirlsaretogotoschoolnextweek.•Weareabouttoleave,sothereisnotimetovisithernow.•Waitaminute.I’mcoming.3.一般将来时22例句:“祈使句+and/or+句子”结构中前面的祈使句表条件,and/or后面的句子用一般将来时•Givemeonemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.•Closethewindow,oryou’llcatchacold.3.一般将来时22考点例句:经典例题Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_______advertisementshowinghappy,balancedfamilies.A.areoftenseeingB.willoftenseeC.oftensawD.haveoftenseenS+V主+谓+状经典例题Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_______advertisementshowinghappy,balancedfamilies.A.areoftenseeingB.willoftenseeC.oftensawD.haveoftenseenS+V主+谓+状解析:B“祈使句+and/or+句子”结构中前面的祈使句表条件,and/or后面的句子用一般将来时4.ThePresentContinuousTense现在进行时4.现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.look.listen基本结构:主语+be+doing•I’mwatchingTVnow.•Allthepeopleintheworldareseekinghappiness.•Heismeetingthemanagertomorrow.•Thebossisalwayscrabbingaboutmywork.4.现在进行时22例句:5.ThePastContinuousTense过去进行时5.过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构:主语+was/were+doing•WhenIsawher,shewasworkingonthecomputer.•Hewasmakingalongdistancephonecallfromtentoelevenlastnight.5.过去进行时22例句:6.TheFutureContinuousTense将来进行时6.将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。2时间状语:thistimenextweek,inaminute基本结构:主语+shall/willbe现在分词•Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?•WeshallbehavingabusinesstalkwithMr.Browninaminute.6.将来进行时22例句:7.ThePresentPrefectTense现在完成时7.现在完成时“过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响”而且“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”。2基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词时间状语:yet,already,just,before,recently,once,lately,ever,never,twice,sofar,uptonow,since,foralongtime,forthepastfewyears•Ihavemethimbefore.•IhavebeentotheGreatWalltwice.•Ihaveworkedherefortwentyyears.•We’vebeengoodfriendssincewewereveryyoung.•Uptonow,wehavereceivednonewsfromher.7.现在完成时22例句:考点经典例题Yearagowedidn’tknowthis,butrecentscience_____thatpeoplewhodon’tsleepwellsoongetill.A.showedB.hasshownC.willshowD.isshowing1)Bothmenspeakloudlyandclearly.S+V主+谓+状经典例题Yearagowedidn’tknowthis,butrecentscience_____thatpeoplewhodon’tsleepwellsoongetill.A.showedB.hasshownC.willshowD.isshowing1)Bothmenspeakloudlyandclearly.S+V主+谓+状解析:Brecent与现在完成时连用,表从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在8.ThePastPrefectTense过去完成时8.过去完成时以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。2基本结构:主语+had+done时间状语:before(yesterday,从句),bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.•TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.•Bytheendoflastweekhehadwrittentwopapers.•Iwaiteduntilhehadfinishedhisworkyesterday.8.过去完成时22例句:9.TheFuturePrefectTense将来完成时9.将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,往往对将来某一时间产生影响。2基本结构:主语+shall/will+have+done时间状语:“by+将来时间”,bythetime,before或when引导的时间状语从句•Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.•Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.•IshallhavefinisheditnextFriday.•Thebirdswillhavemovedtothesouthbeforewintersetsin.9.将来完成时22例句:经典例题Bythetimethesunsets,they________ontheprojectfortwelvehours.A.shallworkB.haveworkedC.willhaveworkedD.havebeenworkingS+V主+谓+状经典例题Bythetimethesunsets,they________ontheprojectfortwelvehours.A.shallworkB.haveworkedC.willhaveworkedD.havebeenworkingS+V主+谓+状解析:CBythetime引导表将来的时间,表示到那个时间点已经完成了某事,因此用将来完成时。10.ThePresentPrefectContinuousTense现在完成进行时10.现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。2基本结构:主语+have/has+been+doing时间状语:“since+时间点“,“for+时间段”etc.•Howlonghaveyoubeendoingthiswork?•You’vebeenlosingthingsallthetime.•TheyhavebeenwatchingTVforalongtime.10.现在完成进行时22例句:11.ThePastPerfectProgressiveTense过去完成进行时11.过去完成进行时表示到过去某时前一直在进行的动作,对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。2基本结构:主语+hadbeen+现在分词时间状语:“byt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