培训1英文图表材料阅读培训外语与贸易分院图形描述题的难点之一是难以在短时间内找出该题需要表达的重点,缺少书面表达的语言和亮点。对于题型出现的这些难点,有一些相应的建议:寻觅小作文需要表达的重点了解图形的分类规律准备必要的表达方式图表材料阅读1、寻觅小作文需要表达的重点见到图形表达题,你心中就需要思考这个图形题需要表述的重点在哪里。作答时先说明再梳理数据。文章的主句应该对文章要表达的趋势,量的大小作出说明,相关的数据则补充在后面。如何表达图表2、了解图形的分类规律如何表达图表动态趋势图静态数据图流程图和地图图表线形图:linegraph柱状图:barchart饼图:piechart表格:table流程图:flowchart地图:map图表类型A.表格图1横向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势3无需将每一个数据分别说明,突出强调数据最大值和最小值,对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的说明:考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。B.曲线图1极点说明:对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明2趋势说明:对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平3交点说明:对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明说明:关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势,学会generalclassification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specifictrend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据!可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。C.饼状图1介绍各扇面及总体的关系2各个扇面之间的比较,同类扇面在不同时间,不同地点的比较3重点突出特点最明显的扇面:最大的,最小的,互相成倍的D.柱状图1.比较:similarity2.对比:difference3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征&分别描写各个柱子的个性特征E.流程图首先说明:做什么工作的过程,目的是什么2.准备工作3.按时间/过程先后描述4.结果5.简单总结说明:注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容,阐明这种关系;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后,给予简要归纳和总结。F.实物/器具工作过程1.实物的名称,功能2.基本结构3.工作过程4.简单总结G.综合图1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系3、准备必要的表达方式如何表达图表上升(v)increaserisegoupgrowjumpclimbCommonExpressions下降(v)decreasedeclinegodownfalldropCommonExpressions△趋势(名词):trend/tendency修饰上升下降(v)的变化幅度词(adv)轻微地slowlyslightlymarginallyCommonExpressions平缓地steadilysmoothlygraduallymoderately剧烈地significantlysharplydramaticallydrasticallysteeplysurprisinglystrikinglyhugely相关词汇百分比(名词):proportion,rate,percentage,share占据(动词):occupy,comprise,constitute,accountfor,represent.数字:number,amount,data,figure比例:rate,proportion,percentage,share大约:roughly,about,nearly,approximately,alittlelessthan,slightlymorethan各自地:respectively,foreach,severallyCommonExpressions与大小相关的词语:Outnumber(动词):在数量上超过ThedemonstratorswereoutnumberedbythepoliceExceed(动词):在数量上超过Triple(动词):变成三倍Thefigurehastripled.Double(动词):变成两倍Thepriceofhouseshasvirtuallydoubledoverthepastfewyears.Mountto(动词):达到Counterpart(名词):对应的另一方,比较的另一方thisproductisbetterthanitscounterpartsCommonExpressionsCommonExpressions到达顶点reachthepeakpeak(v)达到底点reachthebottom波动性下降sthhave/showadownwardtrendsthdecreasewith(minor)fluctuations波动性上升sthhave/showanupwardtrendsthincreasewith(minor)fluctuations保持不变keep/remain+unchangedstablesteadyconstant时间的表达1在某个时间点in+年或月in2010intheyearof2010inAuguston+日on1stat+小时at10pm2从一个时间到另一个时间from1990to19973在一个时间和另一个时间之间between1990and19974在某段时间之间during/over/throughout7-yearperiodbetween1990and1997动态图中必用的三大句型1主题+变化(v)+变化幅度(adv)+数据+时间2Therebe+a+变化幅度(adj)+变化(n)+in+主题+数据+时间3时间+see/experience/witness/undergo+a+变化幅度(adj)+变化(n)+in+主题+数据说顶点的方法第一种方法:用分词的方法Thesalesofcomputerswentupdramaticallysince2003,reachingthepeakat4000in2005.第二种方法:用which从句形式Thesalesofcomputerswentupdramaticallysince2003,whichreachedthepeakat4000in2005.第三种方法:直接法Thesalesofcomputersincreasedsteeplytothepeakat4000in2005.Canyoudescribeit?Therewasaslightgrowthinthesalesofcomputersfrom600to900between2001and2002,andtheyincreasedgraduallyto1400inthefollowingyear.Thentheyrosedramaticallytothepeakat4000in2005.Afterthattherewasadownwardtrendinthesales,whichdecreasedto3000in2007.Beforetheydecreasedsharplyto1800in2009,theyremainedconstantat3000.ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and200440%15%18%20%2%5%chickenlambbeefporkotherfishAscanbeseeninthepiechart,chicken,whichmakesup40%,isthemostpopularamongthetotalmeatsold,thennextisporkanditoccupies20%,followedbythebeef,constituting18%;andfinallycomelamb,fishandothers,at15%,5%and2%respectively.40%15%18%20%2%5%chickenlambbeefporkotherfishThetableshowsthefemaleworkforceandmanagersin5countries.Thetableliststhepercentageofthetotalworkforceandthepercentageofmanagerswhoarewomeninfivecountries.TheUniteStateshasaroughlygender-balancedworkforce:womenmakeupabouthalfthecountry’sworkingpopulation(46%).WomeninAustraliaandJapanhavesimilarshareofthecountry’slaborforce(42%and41%respectively).NextcomesSriLankawith37%ofallworkersbeingwomen.Finally,Egyptiswherethemoststrikinggenderdifferenceisfound:thereisonlyonewomenforeveryfourmenintheworkplace.