1PARTIFundamentalstoFinancialManagement第一部分财务管理导论SectionIFundamentalstoFinancialManagement第一节财务管理概述1.profitmaximization*利润最大化1-1EPSmaximization*每股收益最大化【讲解】EPS,earningspershare每股收益1-2Maximizationofshareholderswealth*股东财富最大化e.g.Shareholderwealthmaximizationisafundamentalprincipleoffinancialmanagement.Infinancialmanagementweassumethattheobjectiveofthebusinessistomaximizeshareholderwealth.Thisisnotnecessarilythesameasmaximizingprofit.【讲解】(1)maximization[,mæksimai'zeiʃən]n.最大化,极大化(2)minimization[,minimai'zeiʃən,-mi'z-]n.最小化(3)maximize['mæksɪmaɪz]v.最大化,取……最大值,达到最大值(4)minimize['mɪnɪmaɪz]v.最小化2(5)minimumn.最小值,最小量adj.最小的,最低的(6)maximumn.极大,最大限度,最大量adj.最高的,最多的(7)thesameas和……一样,与……相同学习成果回顾【译】股东财富最大化是财务管理的基本原则。在财务管理中我们假定企业的目标就是实现股东财富最大化。该目标与利润最大化不一定相同。2.Moral['mɒr(ə)l]hazard['hæzəd]道德风险2-1Adversechoice/selection逆向选择2-2Businessethics商业道德2-3Socialresponsibility社会道德【讲解】choice与selection辨析choice意为从众多当中选取一个,侧重描述过程。而select(selection)则强调根据某种规则进行精心挑选。3.Financialmarket金融市场4.Fixed-incomesecurity固定收益证券4-1Equitysecurity权益证券4-2Derivative[dɪ'rɪvətɪv]security衍生证券3【讲解】Derive[dɪ'raɪv]v.源于,派生5.Financialintermediary[,ɪntə'miːdɪərɪ]金融中介机构【讲解】intermediaryn.中间人,仲裁者,调解者,媒介物adj.中间的6.Pension['penʃ(ə)n]fund养老基金7.Moneymarket货币市场7-1Capitalmarket资本市场7-2Debtmarket债务市场7-3Equitymarket股权市场8.Primary['praɪm(ə)rɪ]market一级市场8-1Secondary['sek(ə)nd(ə)rɪ]market二级市场【讲解】公司战略中价值链相关联(1)Primaryactivities基本活动(2)Secondaryactivities辅助活动9.Floortradingmarket场内市场9-1OTCmarket场外市场【讲解】OTC,overthecounter场外交易,非处方药4SectionIIAnalysisofFinancialStatements*第二节财务报表分析*10.Stakeholder*n.利益相关方10-1Equityinvestorn.股权投资人10-2Creditor['kredɪtə]n.债权人10-3Manager['mænɪdʒə]n.经理人员10-4Supplier[sə'plaɪɚ]n.供应商客户10-5Government['gʌv(ə)n,m(ə)nt;'gʌvəm(ə)nt]n.政府10-6Customer['kʌstəmɚ]n.客户11.CPA,certifiedpublicaccountant注册会计师12.Limitation[lɪmɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]n.局限性13.Financialratioanalysis*财务比率分析14.Short-termsolvency*短期偿债能力15.Workingcapital*营运资本15-1Workingcapital=currentassets–currentliabilities*营运资本=流动资产–流动负债16.Currentratio*流动比率16-1Currentratio=*流动比率=17.Quickratio/acidtestratio*速动比率17-1Quickratio=*速度比率=18.Cashratio*现金比率18-1Cashratio=*5现金比率=e.g.Thecashratioisamoreconservativeliquiditymeasurethanthecurrentorquickratio.Thecashratioistooconservativetoaccuratelyreflectafirm’sliquiditypositionbecauseitassumesthatfirmscanfundtheircurrentliabilitieswithonlycashandmarketablesecurities.【译】较流动比率或速动比率而言,现金比率是更加保守的流动性指标。但现金比率过于保守,往往不能精确的反映公司的流动性状况,这主要是因为该比率假定公司只能依靠现金和有价证券来对其流动负债进行融资。【讲解】too…to…句型太……以至于不能……19.Cashflowratio*现金流量比率19-1Cashflowratio=*现金流量比率=20.Long-termsolvency*长期偿债能力【讲解】Solvency['sɒlvənsɪ]n.偿付能力,清偿能力Insolvency[ɪn'sɒlv(ə)nsɪ]n.破产,无力偿还,倒闭21.Debtratio*资产负债率621-1Debtratio=*资产负债率=22.Debt-to-equityratio/equityratio*产权比率22-1Equityratio=*产权比率=23.Equitymultiplier*权益乘数23-1Equitymultiplier=*权益乘数=24.Debttolong-termcapitalratio*长期资本负债率24-1Debttolong-termcapitalratio=*长期资本负债率=25.Interestcover*利息保障倍数25-1Interestcover=*利息保障倍数=26.Cashflowcoverratio*现金流量利息保障倍数26-1Cashflowcoverratio=*7现金流量利息保障倍数=27.Cashflow-to-debtratio*现金流量债务比27-1Cashflow-to-debtratio=*现金流量债务比=28.Operatingratio*营运能力比率29.Assetmanagementratio*资产管理比率30.Accountsreceivableturnoverratio*应收账款周转率30-1Accountsreceivableturnoverratio=*应收账款周转率=【讲解】Turnover['tɜːnəʊvə]n.营业额,流通量,人员流动(强调辞职人员的多寡)31.Inventoryturnoverratio*存货周转率831-1Inventoryturnoverratio=*存货周转率=32.Currentassetsturnoverratio*流动资产周转率32-1Currentassetsturnoverratio=*流动资产周转率=33.Workingcapitalturnoverratio*营运资本周转率33-1Workingcapitalturnoverratio=*营运资本周转率=34.Non-currentassetsturnoverratio*非流动资产周转率34-1Non-currentassetsturnoverratio=非流动资产周转率=35.Totalassetsturnoverratio*总资产周转率35-1Totalassetsturnoverratio=*总资产周转率=36.Profitabilityratio*盈利能力比率37.Netprofitmargin*销售净利率37-1Netprofitmargin=错误!未找到引用源。*销售净利率=错误!未找到引用源。【讲解】Margin['mɑːdʒɪn]n.边缘,利润,保证金,余裕v.加边于,加旁注于938.Netprofitontotalassets总资产净利率38-139.ROE,returnonequity*权益报酬率39-1Netprofitonequity*权益净利率Netprofitonequity=错误!未找到引用源。*权益净利率=错误!未找到引用源。40.Marketvalueratio*市价比率41.P/Eratio,priceearningsratio*市盈率41-1P/Eratio=错误!未找到引用源。*市盈率=错误!未找到引用源。10e.g.Afirmcanhavenegativeearnings,whichproducesameaninglessP/Eratio.翻译:公司可能会有负的收益,这会使市盈率指标失去意义。【讲解】Negativeadj.负的,消极的,否定的,阴性的n.负数,否定v.否定,拒绝Negativeconfirmation消极函证42.P/Bratio,price-to-bookratio*市净率42-1P/Bratio=错误!未找到引用源。or错误!未找到引用源。*市净率=错误!未找到引用源。或错误!未找到引用源。43.P/Sratio,price-to-salesratio*市销率43-1P/Sratio=错误!未找到引用源。*市销率=错误!未找到引用源。44.Dividendyield*股利收益率44-1Dividendyield=错误!未找到引用源。*股利收益率=错误!未找到引用源。【讲解】yield[jiːld]n.产量,收益v.屈服,放弃,出产45.Dividendpayout*股利支付率45-1dividendpayout=错误!未找到引用源。*股利支付率=错误!未找到引用源。46.DuPontAnalysisSystem*杜邦分析体系46-1Netprofitonequity=错误!未找到引用源。x错误!未找到引用源。x错误!未找到引用源。*11权益净利率=错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。46-2improvednetprofitonequity=错误!未找到引用源。–错误!未找到引用源。=错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。–错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。=错误!未找到引用源。)–错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。=netprofitonnetoperatingassets+(netprofitonnetoperatingassets–interestrateaftertax)×netfinancialleverage*改进后权益净利率=错误!未找到引用源。–错误!未找到引用源。=错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。–错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。=错误!未找到引用源。)–错误!未找到引用源。×错误!未找到引用源。=净经营资产净利率+(净经营资产净利率–税后利息率)×净财务杠杆SectionIIILong-termPlanningandFinancialForecast第三节长期计划与财务预测47.