虚拟语气

第二讲虚拟语气一、历年虚拟语气考题分布1.从96至2013年,专业四级语法与词汇部分(除2001年外)每年至少有一道相关试题涉及虚拟语气,平均下来达到每年1.72题,总计31题.2.历年虚拟语气考题分布表年份969798990001020304050607080910111213总计题数12121/21335311111231二、虚拟语气考点一）非真实“if”条件从句的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的假设构成形式记忆口诀：与现实相反之假设,实动过去式,be用were；主句should或would,情态might或couldSupposeyouweresentabroadtostudy,whichcountrywouldyouliketogo?试题举例及分析例1IftherewerelifeonMars,suchlifeforms_____unabletosurviveonearth.a.wouldbeb.arec.willbed.shouldKey:a考点：对现在事实的假设（If…did…,woulddo…)例2Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.a.wouldbeb.willhavebeenc.wasd.were(TEM405)Key:a考点：对现在事实的假设（If…did…,woulddo…)2.表示与过去事实相反的假设构成形式口诀：与过去相反之假设,hadbeen,haddone成规则；主句wouldhavedone，间或should,could与might.IfIhadn’tseteyesonhertoday,Ishouldn’thavebelievedthatabeautifulcreaturecouldexist.试题举例及分析例1Iwastohavemadeaspeechif_____,(TEM497)a.Iwasnotcalledawayb.nobodywouldhavecalledmeawayc.Ihadnotbeencalledawayd.NobodycalledmeawayKey:c考点：对过去事实的虚拟（wastohavedone…haddone)例2____hishomework,hewouldhavecomewithus.a.IfMikeisabletofinishb.WouldMikebeabletofinishc.IfMikecouldfinishd.IfMikehadbeenabletofinishKey:d考点：对过去事实的虚拟（haddone…wouldhavedone)3.表示与将来事实相反的假设构成形式记忆口诀与将来事实之相反,主句与I同原则；从句一用shoulddo;weretodo第二则，两种变化要记得。Whatifweshouldfailtoconvincethem?Ifthisweretohappenagain,wewouldnotletyouoff(饶恕）soeasily.试题举例及分析例1Ifyourcar___anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(TEM4-98)a.shallneedb.shouldneedc.wouldneedd.willneedKey:b考点：对将来事实的假设（If…should…,…)例2____you___furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(2005)a.If,hadb.Have,hadc.Should,haved.Incase,hadKey:c考点：对将来事实的假设+倒装（Should…,…)4.混合虚拟语气混合虚拟语气是指主句和从句所指的时间各不相同.遇上混合条件句,句型变换应掌握Theywouldn’tbefeelingsotirediftheyhadn’tbeenwalkingforawholeday.(从句指过去，主句指现在）Iwasillthatday;otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.(主句是事实，从句是虚拟）Hadhetakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightstillbealive.(从句指过去，主句指现在）试题举例及分析例1___ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?(TEM4-04)a.Wouldyoubesurprisedb.Wereyousurprisedc.Hadyoubeensurprisedd.WouldyouhavebeensurprisedKey:a考点：错综虚拟（主句对现在虚拟，从句是对过去的虚拟)例2HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she___muchbetterresultsnow.(TEM4-08)a.wouldbegettingb.couldhavegotc.mustgetd.wouldgetKey:d考点：错综虚拟（主句对现在虚拟，从句是对过去的虚拟)5.虚拟语气的倒装条件含有系词were,助词had与should，将其移至主语前，连词if则省略。倒装否定勿缩略，不可was代替were.ItcouldhavesavedmesometroublehadIknownaboutit.Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tgotothecinema.Weretherenoair,therewouldbenolifearoundtheearth.试题举例及分析例1____,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.a.Hadn’thebeentakengoodcareofb.Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareofc.Hadnothebeentakengoodcareofd.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof(TEM4-95)Key:b考点：虚拟语气的倒装例2___yourtimelyhelp,hecouldhavefailed.a.Butb.Haditnotbeenforc.Ifitwerenotford.ForKey:b考点：虚拟语气的倒装例3___itraintomorrow,thegamewouldbecancelled.a.Ifb.Shouldc.Wered.WouldKey:b考点：虚拟语气的倒装二）should类虚拟语气1.宾语从句中的should类虚拟语气－表建议、命令等的动词，如：advise,agree,argue,ask,arrange,beg,command,decree(裁决),demand,desire,determine,direct(命令),insist,maintain,move(主张),order,plead,pray,prefer(提出要求),propose,recommend,resolve(决意),request,rule(裁决),stipulate(规定),suggest,urge(敦促)Heurgedthattherestrictions(should)belifted.2.表语从句和同位语从句中的should类虚拟语气－advice,command,decision,demand,desire,motion(提议),necessity,suggestion,pray,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,resolutionTheresolutionthatwomen(should)beallowedtojointhesocietywascarried.Themotionisthattheremarkofthelastspeaker(should)beremovedfromtherecord.试题举例及分析Heleftordersthatnothing__toucheduntilthepolicearrivedhere.(TEM4-97)a.shouldbeb.oughttobec.mustbed.wouldbeKey:a考点：should虚拟语气3.主语从句的should类虚拟语气－Itis+ed分词＋that+主语从句的主语＋(should)+动词原形，常表示要求、建议、命令和愿望等。这类过去分词有：demanded,insisted,intended,ordered,recommended,requested,required,suggestedIthadbeenintendedI(should)gotooneofthegreatuniversities.打算让我上一所重点大学。Itisdesiredthatthemanufacturer(should)workoutthedesignimmediately.4.Itis+adj.+that+主语从句的主语＋(should)+do—advisable,anxious,appropriate,better,desirable,essential,imperative(迫切的),important,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,strange,urgent,unthinkable试题举例及分析Itisimperativethatstudents___theirtermpapersontime.(TEM4-04)a.handinb.wouldhandinc.havetohandind.handedinKey:a考点：should虚拟语气三）特殊虚拟语气1.特殊虚拟语气歌Ifonly谓过去，含蓄条件与结果。连词要求虚拟句，特殊连词要掌握。asif与asthough,lest“以防”加forfear,inorderthat与sothat,wouldrather引从句。It’stime勿弄错，从句动词是过去。介短偶代虚条句，句型变换应掌握。让步不管或无论，省去whether倒装歌,if,although,eventhough;再加though与whatever;万岁、祝愿某成功，倒装虚拟勿忽略。2.“ifonly”从句引出的虚拟语气“ifonly”从句只用虚拟语气，而且其主句一般都省略，并以感叹句的形式出现，表示“要是……就好了!”谓语动词用过去时表示与现在的事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIhadmoney,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld!真题分析:例1IfonlyI____playtheguitaraswellasyou!a.wouldb.couldc.shouldd.might(2006)Key:b考点：ifonly虚拟语气比较：___bothsidesaccepttheagreement___alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.(2004)a.Onlyif,willb.Ifonly,wouldc.Should,willd.Unless,wouldKey:a考点：only引导的倒装3.“asif(=asthough)”从句引起的虚拟语气例题1Theoldwomanlookedpaleasthoughshe___aghost.a.sawb.wasseeingc.hadseend.seeingKey:c考点：asthough引起的虚拟语气(与过去事实相反）例题2Theoldmantalksasifhe__