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SiliconValleyGeographicalpositionPart2Part4Part3HistoryPart4Part5DemographicsPart1DemographicsEconomicsUniversities,colleges,andtradeschoolsIntroduction1引入SiliconValleyReferstothehighconcentrationofcompaniesinvolvedinthemakingofsemiconductors(siliconisusedtocreatemostsemiconductorscommercially)ReferstotheSantaClaraValleywhereitiscentered,includingSanJoseandsurroundingcitiesandtowns.AnicknameforthesouthernportionoftheSanFranciscoBayAreaintheUnitedStates.Hometomanyoftheworld'slargesthigh-techcorporations,aswellasthousandsoftechstartupcompanies.Aleadinghub（中心）andstartupecosystemforhigh-techinnovationanddevelopment,accountingforone-thirdofalloftheventurecapitalinvestmentintheUnitedStates.Geographicalposition2地理位置Geographically,SiliconValleyisgenerallythoughttoencompassalloftheSantaClaraValley,thesouthernhalfofthePeninsula,andsouthernportionsoftheEastBay.History3历史UnitedStatesNavyTheBayAreahadlongbeenamajorsiteofUnitedStatesNavyresearchandtechnology.In1933,AirBaseSunnyvale,California,wascommissionedbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentforuseasaNavalAirStation(NAS)tohousetheairshipUSSMaconinHangarOne.ThestationwasrenamedNASMoffettField,andbetween1933and1947,U.S.Navyblimpswerebasedthere.AnumberoftechnologyfirmshadsetupshopintheareaaroundMoffettFieldtoservetheNavy.WhentheNavygaveupitsairshipambitionsandmovedmostofitswestcoastoperationstoSanDiego,theNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronautics(NACA,forerunnerofNASA)tookoverportionsofMoffettFieldforaeronauticsresearch.Manyoftheoriginalcompaniesstayed,whilenewonesmovedin.Theimmediateareawassoonfilledwithaerospacefirms,suchasLockheed.Duringthe1940sand1950s,FrederickTermanencouragedfacultyandgraduatestostarttheirowncompanies.HeiscreditedwithnurturingHewlett-Packard,VarianAssociates,andotherhigh-techfirms,StanfordIndustrialParkAfterWorldWarII,universitieswereexperiencingenormousdemandduetoreturningstudents.ToaddressthefinancialdemandsofStanford'sgrowthrequirements,andtoprovidelocalemploymentopportunitiesforgraduatingstudents,FrederickTermanproposedtheleasingofStanford'slandsforuseasanofficepark,namedtheStanfordIndustrialPark(laterStanfordResearchPark).FrederickTermanThefatherofSiliconValley仙童公司Economics4经济TheWashingtonmetropolitanareaTheNewYorkmetropolitanareaSiliconValleyThethirdlargesthigh-techcenterintheUnitedStatesRankfirstwith387,000high-techjobs.Havethehighestconcentrationofhigh-techworkersofanymetropolitanarea（城市群）,with285.9outofevery1,000private-sectorworkers.TheSanJose-sSunnyvale-SantaClara,CAMetropolitanStatisticalAreahasthemostmillionairesandthemostbillionairesintheUnitedStatespercapita.Thebiggesthigh-techmanufacturingcenterintheUnitedStates.Received41%ofallU.S.ventureinvestmentin2011,and46%in2012.Thehighestaveragehigh-techsalaryat$144,800.Manufactureoftransistorsis,orwas,thecoreindustryinSiliconValley.Housingpricesareextremelyhigh,faroutoftherangeofproductionworkers.LawfirmsVenturecapitalfirmsMediaSoftwareNotablecompaniesDemographics5人口统计资料PopulationBetween3.5and4millionAthirdofSiliconValleyscientistsandengineerswereimmigrantsNearlyaquarterofSiliconValley'shigh-technologyfirmssince1980wererunbyChinese(17percent)orIndianCEOs(7percent).GenderandraceAlthough103ofthe400largestpubliccompaniesheadquarteredinCaliforniawerelocatedinSantaClaraCounty(themostofallcounties),only8.8%ofSiliconValleycompanieshadwomenCEOs.Thiswasthelowestpercentageinthestate.(SanFranciscoCountyhad19.2%andMarinCountyhad18.5%.)SiliconValleytechleadershippositionsareoccupiedalmostexclusivelybymen.Thisisalsorepresentedinthenumberofnewcompaniesfoundedbywomenaswellasthenumberofwomen-leadstartupsthatreceiveventurecapitalfunding.GenderandraceWomenemployeesBlackHispanic(西班牙裔)Google17%(worldwide)1%2%Yahoo!15%2%4%Facebook15%1%3%Apple20%(worldwide)54%ofitstechjobswerestaffedbywhitepeopleand23%byAsians.In2014,techcompaniesreleasedcorporatetransparencyreportsthatoffereddetailedemployeebreakdowns.USAToday:BlacksandHispanicsarelargelyabsent,itreported,andwomenareunderrepresentedinSiliconValley—fromgiantcompaniestostart-upstoventurecapitalfirms.Apple,Facebook,Google,andMicrosoftattendedthe20thannualGraceHopperCelebrationofWomeninComputingconferencetoactivelyrecruitandpotentiallyhirefemaleengineersandtechnologyexperts.ThesecondannualPlatformSummitwasheldtodiscussincreasingracialandgenderdiversityintech.AsofApril2015experiencedwomenwereengagedincreationofventurecapitalfirmswhichleveragedwomen'sperspectivesinfundingofstartups.Howisitnow？Universities,colleges,andtradeschools6大学，学院和职业院校TheArtInstituteofCalifornia–SunnyvaleCaliforniaCollegeoftheArtsCarnegieMellonUniversity(SiliconValleycampus)CaliforniaStateUniversity,EastBay,HaywardCañadaCollegeChabotCollegeCogswellPolytechnicalCollegeDeAnzaCollegeEvergreenValleyCollegeFoothillCollegeGoldenGateUniversitySiliconValleyCampusHultInternationalBusinessSchoolInternationalCulinaryCenterInternationalTechnologicalUniversityJohnF.KennedyUniversityCampbellCampusLincolnLawSchoolofSanJoseMenloCollegeMissionCollegeNorthwesternPolytechnicUniversity(Fremont)NationalHispanicUniversityNotreDamed