GMAT解毒十日谈

“GMAT解毒十日谈”之一：情态动词不能改？余对方舟子先生之义举一向敬仰之，惜乎科学素养低下，无法助其一臂之力，唯有在自己熟悉的GMAT领域举起义旗，意在荡涤江湖上所有妖道，不论是否出自某机构，所谓之“偏好”、规律，希望能高扬科学判断，理性分析，辩证思维之大旗，提高广大考生的逻辑思辨能力。今日开始第一讲：情态动词不能改？先来看一道题：156.(29754-!-item-!-188;#058&004524)DeborahAguiar-Velez,founderofSistemasCorporation,haswrittenacomputertextbookinSpanishforpeoplewhospeakSpanishandsothendonothavetorelyontranslationsfromEnglish.A.forpeoplewhospeakSpanishandsothenB.forpeoplewhospeakSpanish,andthentheyC.forpeoplespeakingSpanishwhoD.sothatpeoplewhospeakSpanishE.sothatpeoplecanspeakSpanishandthen下面是chasedream论坛上网友整理的题目注释，首先必须肯定这些网友为广大考友做的辛勤劳动，但是很可惜，这位网友显然带上了被某机构毒害的痕迹，有颜色的字是其注释部分选项分析：A、错在sothen后面句子的主语与DAV一样然而句子想要说的是peoplewhospeakSpanishB、这里的andthen没有错，只是表达因果上和句子表达上不如sothat好C、没有sothat好，而且原句修饰people的从句改成了修饰SpanishD、正确E、在这里注意一下情态动词，一般情况下原句没有情态动词的不要乱加，有了情态动词的正确答案的选项中也一定要出现同类情态动词请注意E选项的解读。其实，E的错法非常简单，就是逻辑意思不对，因为根据句意，某人写了本西语书，所以，讲西语的人就可以看了，而不需要依赖翻译。而E的意思是，某人写了本书，导致一堆人可以讲西语和看读某书了。这显然不符合逻辑。但是很遗憾的是，本题评注者被一些所谓的规律蒙住了眼睛，没有去注意这一具有推广性，真正能提高考生分析句意能力的考点，却去留意所谓的“情态动词”考点。其实，大家只要想一想就可以明白，正确答案是否需要情态动词，完全取决于逻辑句意是否需要传达情态的意思。命题者只需要把E选项调换到A选项，那么马上就可以出现所谓的原句有情态，正确的选项并无情态动词的矛盾。看到了把，这个”规律“多么脆弱！再看一道题目，彻底打破那些妖道所谓的”规律“Possiblelong-termconsequencesofthe“greenhouseeffect,”thegradualwarmingoftheEarth’sclimate,mayincludemeltingthepolaricecapsandarisingsealevel.A.mayincludemeltingthepolaricecapsandarisingsealevelB.mayincludethemeltingofpolaricecapsandtherisingsealevelC.mayincludepolaricecapsthataremeltingandsealevelsthatarerisingD.includemeltingthepolaricecapsandsealevelsthatarerisingE.includemeltingofthepolaricecapsandariseinsealevel此题“原句”（请允许我先借用一下这个错误的提法）是有情态动词may的。但是，恰恰是这个may，导致了和第一个单词possible在意义上的重复。此题另一个考点是平行结构，最后的正确答案是E，并无情态动词。诸君须记，所以的简单依靠回归分析总结的规律，都是能被命题者反向设计的;所有不借助理性分析得到的所谓”偏好“，都会存在巨大的使用风险。“GMAT解毒十日谈”之二：主动优先被动？今天是第二讲，选项比较中，主动语态真的优先被动语态吗？余对方舟子先生之义举一向敬仰之，惜乎科学素养低下，无法助其一臂之力，唯有在自己熟悉的GMAT领域举起义旗，意在荡涤江湖上所有妖道，不论是否出自某机构，所谓之“偏好”、规律，希望能高扬科学判断，理性分析，辩证思维之大旗，提高广大考生的逻辑思辨能力。应该说，这个提法不是完全地错误，只是在执行过程中，很容易被学生错误操作成，一见到被动语态的选项就杀。因为学生并不懂得执行这个规律的前提。先看一道符合该规律的题目：PREP232题Althoughtherestaurantcompanyhasrecentlyaddedmanynewrestaurantsacrossthecountryanditssaleshaveincreaseddramatically,itssalesatrestaurantsopenformorethanayearhavedeclined.A.therestaurantcompanyhasrecentlyaddedmanynewrestaurantsacrossthecountryanditssaleshaveincreaseddramatically,itsB.therestaurantcompanyhasrecentlyaddedmanynewrestaurantsacrossthecountryanditssalesincreaseddramatically,itsC.manynewrestaurantshaverecentlybeenopenedacrossthecountryanditssalesincreaseddramatically,therestaurantcompany'sD.havingrecentlyaddedmanynewrestaurantsacrossthecountryandwithitssalesincreasingdramatically,therestaurantcompany'sE.recentlyaddingmanynewrestaurantsacrossthecountryandhavingitssalesincreasedramatically,therestaurantcompany's本题的正确选项是A，注意C是一个被动语态的选项。但是排除C的原因，并非因为它写成了被动语态，而是C中的这个it，由于主语被改成了restaurants，导致无法指代。这才是真正的原因。也就是说，写成被动语态本身并不是什么致命的错误，真正导致出错的，实际上很可能是由于句子写成了被动语态带来的句子主语的变化，导致其和前后部分产生了不一致关系。明白这个真正的内因，才能深刻理解英语句子调换了语序，对修饰关系带来的影响。再看两道和所谓“规律”矛盾的题目。ImportedintoMassachusettsformEuropein1869,thegypsymothwasusedbyaFrenchscientistinanattemptatdevelopingastrongstrainofsilk-producinginsects,crossinggypsymothswithadultsilkworms.1.ImportedintoMassachusettsfromEuropein1869,thegypsymothwasusedbyaFrenchscientistinanattemptatdevelopingastrongstrainofsilk-producinginsects,crossinggypsymothswithadultsilkworms.2.ImportedintoMassachusettsformEuropein1869,aFrenchscientistwasattemptingtodevelopastrongstrainofsilk-producinginsectsbycrossinggypsymothswithadultsilkworms.3.Tocrossgypsymothswithadultsilkworms,inattemptingthedevelopmentofastrongstrainofsilk-producinginsects,aFrenchscientistin1869importedthegypsymothintoMassachusettsfromEurope.4.ThegypsymothwasimportedintoMassachusettsfromEuropein1869byaFrenchscientistattemptingtodevelopastrongstrainofsilk-producinginsectsbycrossinggypsymothswithadultsilkworms.5.Inanattemptatthedevelopmentofastrongstrainofsilk-producinginsects,aFrenchscientist,importingthegypsymothfromEuropeintoMassachusettsin1869inordertocrossgypsymothsandadultsilkworms.此题答案是D为何此题要采用被动语态？因为作者在组织语序的过程中发现，只有采取被动语态，才能在一句话里面承载所有信息，而不至于出现修饰问题。另外，采取了主动语态的B选项恰恰是错误选项，因为科学家被置于句首，导致无法被主句之前的“Imported。。。。”修饰。Regardlessoftheirformorfunction,allaerodynamicallyenhanced,curvedobjectsmadeforthrowinghavebeencalledboomerangsbynon-Australiansevensince1788,whenEuropeanssawDharug-speakingmentossing“bumariny”inthearealaterknownasSydney.1.Regardlessoftheirformorfunction,allaerodynamicallyenhanced,curvedobjectsmadeforthrowinghavebeencalledboomerangsbynon-Australianseversince1788,2.Regardlessoftheirformorfunction,anyaerodynamicallyenhanced,curvedobjectmadeforthrowinghasbeencalledaboomerangbynon-Australianseversince1788,3.Eversince1788,non-Australianshavecalledallaerodynamicallyenhanced,curvedobjectsmadeforthrowingboomerangs,regardlessoftheirformorfunction,from4.Eversince1788,anyaerodynamicallyenhanced,curvedobjectmadeforthrowinghasbeencalledaboomerangbynon-Australians,regardlessofitsformorfunction,from5.Non-Australianshavecalledallaerodynamicallyenhanced,curvedobjectsmadeforthrowingboomerangseversince1788,reg