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1.Boyhood2.Marriage3.Journeywest4.Careerasajournalist5.Hismostproductiveyear6.LastyearsIntroductionofMarkTwainTheNameofMarkTwain◆Twain'srealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens.◆MarkTwain,whichmeanswatermarktwo,wasacallusedbysailorsontheMississippitowarnshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.MarkTwain(1835-1910)◆MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter,andhewasalsoafamousspeaker.◆SamuelLanghorneClemens(MarkTwain)wasborninFloridaandhewasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolivethroughthefirstwinter.Butwithhismother'stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Asaboy,hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.Heusedtoplayjokesonallofhisfriendsandneighbors.Hedidn'tliketogotoschool,andheconstantlyranawayfromhome.Earlylifeexperience◆BorninalittletowninMississippi◆At11,helosthisfather◆At13,hestoppedschooling◆Trampprinter◆SteamboatpilotontheMississippi◆Confederateguerrilla◆Prospector◆Reporteronthefarwesternfrontier◆TravelerabroadHisMarriageAt34yearsoldhemarriedOliviaLangdonClemens,daughterofaNewYorkcoalmagnate,amemberofthecountry’swealthyelite.Shewouldbepartner,editor,andfellowtravelerinsuccessandfailureforthenextthirty-fiveyears.Clemens'shouseinHartfordInHisMiddleAgesBy1900TwainhadbecomeAmerica’sforemostcelebrity.Hewasinvitedtoattendshiplaunchings,anniversarygatherings,politicalconventions,andcountlessdinners.Reportersmethimateveryportofcall,anxioustoprintanewquipfromthefamoushumorist.Toenhancehisimage,hetooktowearingwhitesuitsandlovedtostrolldownthestreetandseepeoplestaringathim.HisLaterLifeTherearemanytragiceventsinhislaterlife:thefailureofhisinvestments,hisfatiguingtravelsandlecturesinordertopayoffhisdebts,andaddedtothis,thedeathofhiswifeandtwodaughterswhichlefthimabsolutelyinconsolable.Somecriticslinkthesetragiceventswiththechangeofstyleinhislaterworks,fromanoptimistandhumoristtoanalmostdespairingdeterminist.HisDeathMarkTwaindiedofillnessonApril21,1910.Whenhepassedaway,newspapersaroundthecountrydeclared,“Thewholeworldismourning.”Bythen,SamClemenshadlongsinceceasedtobeaprivatecitizen.HehadbecomeMarkTwain,aproudpossessionoftheAmericannation.GraveofMarkTwainWoodlawnCemetery,Elmira,NYMarkTwainandtheMississippi◆MarkTwainlovedthegreatriversomuchthathealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippi.ManyofhisgreatworksaresetinthebackgroundoftheMississippiRiver,suchasTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,andLifeontheMississippi.◆Twain'sjourneyendedinthesilver-miningtownofVirginiaCity,Nevada,wherehebecameaminer.There,hecouldn’tfindhisfortunesinmining.◆Lateron,TwainmovedtoSanFrancisco,Californiain1864asajournalist.Hewonagreatfameasahumoristthroughthestory“TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty”(1865)JourneytoWestMissouriIowaNevadaHismostproductiveyears◆MarkTwainmarriedOliviain1870,andmovedtoHartford,Conn..◆WhilelivingthereOliviagavebirthtoasonLandonandthreedaughters:Susy(1872–1896),Clara(1874–1962)andJean(1880–1909).Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.◆Duringthisperiod,hisbestbooksTomSawyer(1876)andHuckleberryFinn(1884)werepublished.ConnecticutMarkTwain’sMasterpiecesWorks◆TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty《卡县名蛙》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer«汤姆·索亚历险记»TwoAdventuresTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn«哈克贝里·费恩历险记»“AllmodernAmericanliteraturescome“----ErnestHemingwayHebecamenationallyfamousTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn◆Hemingwayoncewrote:AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarkTwaincalledHuckleberryFinn...it'sthebestbookwe'vehad...Therewasnothingbefore.Therehasbeennothingsogoodsince.◆SatireThisnovelshowsTwain'ssatireonsouthernculturebeforetheCivilWar,around1850,whentheMississippiValleywasstillbeingsettled.Twaincondemnedracialdiscrimination.◆StyleVernacularlanguageanddialect.◆LocalColorTwaindepictedsociallifethroughdescriptionsoflocalplacesandpeopleheknewbest.◆SignificanceThecarefullycontrolledpointofview,withitsimplicitironiesexpressedthroughthevoiceofasemi-literateboy;themasterfuluseofdialects;thefelicitousbalancingromanticismandrealism,humorandpathos,innocenceandevil.ThisnovelcreatesthemostmemorablecharactersinallofAmericanfiction.TheInnocentsAbroad傻子出国记(1869)◆MarkTwain’saccount‚adaptedfromhisownnewspaperreports‚ofhisadventurestravelingthroughEuropeandtheMiddleEastwithotherAmericans.Throughoutthebook‚Twainlampoons讽刺themeetingofthesepilgrimsfromtheNewWorld‚filledwithapretentiousreverenceandawe‚withthehallowedcultureoftheOldWorld‚oftenrepresentedbyTwainasnotequalingitsreputation.LifeontheMississippi(1883)◆ThiswasMarkTwain’sseminalwork开创性的著作ontheriverthatgavebirthtomuchofhismostsuccessfulfiction.Entertaining‚yetenlightening‚LifeontheMississippiisatextbookonthehistory‚lifeandloreoftheGreatRiverduringthe19thcentury‚butalsoaprimeronthe“science”ofthepilotingtheMississippiduringtheheyday全盛期ofthegreatsteamboatsthatoncetraveledthegreatestinlandwaterwayofAmerica.◆TheGildedAge镀金时代(1873)◆ATrampAbroad国外漫游(1880)◆ThePrinceandthePauper王子与贫儿(1881)◆AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt康州美国佬在亚瑟王朝(1889)◆TheDiariesofAdamandEve(1893/1905)◆TheTragedyofPudd’nheadWilson傻瓜威尔逊的悲剧(1894)◆PersonalRecollectionsofJoanofArc圣女贞德传(1896）◆Fol