summary_writing总结写法

2020/3/23SummaryWritingThe100-WordSummaryWhatisasummary?Asummaryisashortversionofareading;itisacondensedversionofapiece.Whyissummarywritinguseful?Teachersusesummarywritingtotestyourunderstandingofreadingmaterial.Summarywritinghelpsyoucomprehendinformationasyouattempttopulloutjusttheessentialinformationfromareading.2Keypointstoremember...Writeasummaryinyourwords,nottheauthor’s.Avoidusingquotesinasummary.Paraphrasekeyideas.(Ifyouusethreeormorewordsinthesameorderastheauthor,youmustplacetheminquotes).Donotusepersonalopinions!Includeonlythemostimportantinformation.Avoiddetailedinformationofactionsorevents.Writeyoursummaryinthepresenttense.Asummaryisrarelylongerthanapage.3SummariesversusessaysInanessay,youmaydevelopandsupportyouropinionsandideas.Inasummary,however,youmaynotincludeyouropinionsandideas.Asummaryshouldcovertheideasthatwerepresentedinthereading--notyours.Asummary,justlikeanessay,hasanintroduction,abody,andaconclusion.4OrganizationofasummaryThe100-wordsummaryconsistsofthreeparts:introductionbodyconclusion5IntroductionTheintroductionofasummaryisusuallyoneparagraphlong.6WhattoincludeintheintroductionTitleofthereadingIfitisanarticle,essay,orshortstoryplacethetitleinquotes.Ifitisabook,underlinethetitle.NameoftheauthorPurposeofreadingoroverallpointthewriteristryingtogetacross7BodyofasummaryThebodyofasummaryisgenerallyonetothreeparagraphslong,dependentonthelengthofthereading.8WhattoincludeinthebodyImportantpointsofreading,suchasmainideas,facts,andexamples.Othersecondarypointsthatarerelevanttokeyideas.Includespecificdetailsasneededtogettheauthor’spointsacross.Paraphrasetheinformationwhilemaintainingtheauthor’stoneandattitudeasmuchaspossible.9ConclusionTheconclusionofasummaryisgenerallyoneparagraphlong.10WhattoincludeintheconclusionConcludebypresentingtheauthor’sfinalcomments.Or,Concludebybringingupthemainpointofthereading.11WhatnottodoinaconclusionDonotconcludebygivingyourpersonalopinionofthereading.Remember,youmustincludeonlytheauthor’sopinions.Thinkofyourselfasareporter,notaninterpreter!Personalreflectionsinconclusionsareappropriateonlyinessays.12CheckingyoursummaryReaditoutloudclosely.Doyouhaveatleastthreeparagraphs?Examineeachpart(introduction,body,andconclusion)usingthecriteriaforwritingagoodsummaryasachecklist.Spellcheckandproofreadyoursummary.Makesureyourinformationisaccurate!13Isyoursummarygood?Haveafriendwhohasnotreadthepiecereadyoursummary.Someonewhohasnotreadthepieceshouldbeabletogetaclearpictureoftheideasandthetoneoftheactualwritingfromreadingyoursummary.14BenefitsofsummarywritingRememberthatsummarywriting:helpsyouunderstandandrememberinformation.improvesyourwritingskills.Rememberthatagoodsummary:mustbepreciseandclear.Rememberthatthemoresummariesyouwrite:thebetteryouwillgetatusinglanguageeffectively.15OtherbenefitsConsiderwritingsummariesforallyourreadings;itwillhelpyou“knowwhatyouknow”anddobetteronmid-termandfinalexams.Summarywritingwillalsohelpyourememberwhatyoureadasyouhavetopulloutmainpoints.16SampleSummaryLet’sexaminethefollowingsummary.Withouthavingreadthestory,trytofigureoutwhetheritiscompleteornot.Useyourchecklistwiththecriteriatoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthissummary.Summaryof“IWon’tLearnfromYou”(Introduction,paragraph1)HerbertKohlwritesastoryaboutanexperiencethathehadwithastudentnamedBarryandthelessonhelearnedaboutnot-learningandfailing.Theauthorstartsoutbytalkingabouthisfrustrationswithstudentswhowereintelligentbutwerenottryingtolearn.Kohltriedtofigureoutthereasonswhythesestudentswerefailuresandlistsallkindsofreasons.Helpfindingproblems?(Body,paragraph2)Oneyear,hegotanewstudentinhisclassthatnobodyelsewantedbecausehewasdifficultanduncooperative.AlltheteacherswereafraidofBarrybecauseofhissizeandbehavior.ThestudentsthoughreallylikedBarrybecausehewasagoodathleteandstoryteller.ItseemedthatBarrywassmart,butheneverdidhishomework.KohlfiguredoutthatBarrydidn’tknowhowtoreadanddecidedtohelphim.HeplannedoutaperformanceandtrickedBarryintoreadingbyreadinghimthewordsfirst.ThetrickworkedandBarrylearnedhowtoread.Helpfindingproblems?(Conclusion,paragraph3)Kohllearnedthatchoiceandwillplayaveryimportantroleinlearning,andthatifBarryhadchosennottogoalongwithhistrick,hewouldn’thavelearnedhowtoread.Helpevaluatingtheconclusion?2020/3/23SummaryWritingAwonderfulstudytool;useit!