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非谓语动词：阅读和写作前言：名词性从句、定语从句和非谓语动词是高考中所有题型都涉及的三大核心语法。复习资料里涉及语法时往往只把它们和语法填空和短文改错联系起来，甚少探讨它们在阅读和写作中的应用。所以在讲完这三大语法时安排两个课时介绍它们在阅读和写作中的应用。目的有二：一是提高同学们读懂所谓“长难句”的能力，学会提取句子中的信息，做阅读时有根据地答题。二是选择部分相对容易的所谓“高级结构”反复造句训练，并刻意在写作时应用，提高作文的得分能力。非谓语动词与阅读一、长难句的几个特点：1、句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（名词性从句、定语从句、非谓语动词）；2.、分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、定语分隔等）；3.、插入语、省略、倒装现象。核心：找主句，把握核心；找附加成分，分析信息。二、回顾及示例：分析句子：划出主句；圈出从句的引导词；圈出非谓语动词；分析从句和非谓语动词在句子中成分，说出它们的语法名称。Butsoontheyturneditdownafter700localobjectionsreachedthem，becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas．针对从句和非谓语动词提问：1）________________________________________________________________2)__________________________________________________________________3)__________________________________________________________________4)___________________________________________________________________三、练习分析句子：找出非谓语动词，通过提问的方式找出所含信息1.In1800acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work．Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes’worktopayfor．__________________________________________________________________2.Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage,wheretheuseoffossil-fuelelectricityisforbiddenbywell-meaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld,isjustasgreatatragedy(悲剧)asachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange．________________________________________________________________3.Ifclimatechangeprovestobemild,butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain,wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppedanose-bleedbyputtingatourniquet（止血带）aroundournecks．________________________________________________________________4.This,combinedwiththelengthoftimespentinfrontofcomputers,hasledtoanincreaseinthenumberofpeoplewithnearsightednessinNorthAmerica._____________________________________________________________5.Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren，sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers，”becausehersixbrothers，aswellasherfather，triedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportant，sheretreated(躲避)intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading，shedidnotdowellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.(NMET2008天津卷A篇)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCisnerosinherchildhood?A.Shehadsevenbrothers.B.Shefeltherselfanobody.C.Shewastooshytogotoschool.D.Shedidnothaveanygoodteachers.6.…Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledMoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname…What’stheEasterIslandwell-knownfor?A.themostdistantislandB.MoaiC.onestreetD.EasterSunday7.Theendlesschoicegivesbirthtoanxietyinpeople’slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway，orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedWhydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxiety?A.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct.B.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.C.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.D.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherangeofchoice.8.…Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren，sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers，”becausehersixbrothers，aswellasherfather，triedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportant，sheretreated(躲避)intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading，shedidnotdowellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate...WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCisnerosinherchildhood?A.Shehadsevenbrothers.B.Shefeltherselfanobody.C.Shewastooshytogotoschool.D.Shedidnothaveanygoodteachers.[2017高考全国I]Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.14.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.非谓语动词与写作：分词做状语一、示例1.Knowingthatyouareorganizingthisactivitytosharebooksworldwide,IamwritingtoapplyforitforthesimplereasonthatIlovereadingandIownalargenumberofbooks.2.Beinganactiveyoungperson,Ilikesportsandoutdooractivities.3.ConfusedbyspokenandwrittenEnglish,Iamoftenlaughedatinpublic.4.Attractedbythewesterncuisineintheadvertisements,Iamlookingforwardtomakingthemonmyown.二、总结1）分词作状语属于比较容易把握的写作中的高级结构，我们应该刻意使用。2）两句话的主语相同，选择其中一句话省掉主语并且谓语变成非谓语动词（现在分词或过去分词）做状语。3）用现在分词还是过去分词由它们与逻辑主语的关系决定：主动/被动三、翻译：(1)我们将会拜访老人们，给他们呈上鲜花和自己做的卡片来表示我们的尊敬和爱戴。【邀请信：敬老院慰问老人】_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)从那以后，这支笔成了我最好的陪伴，鼓励着我努力学习。【最好的礼物】_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)目前，违反交通规则和到处乱扔垃圾的行为并不罕见，对生命及环境造成了严重伤害。【文明行为】_________________________________________________________________