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英语高考语法讲解(虚拟语气专题)刘丽红一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if引导)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句if从句主句现在过去式would(should,could,might)+动原将来同上过去haddonewould(should,could,might)+havedone过去式should+动原wereto+动原考题点击：1.Iamnotfreetoday.IfI___freetoday,I__andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he__mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented3.IfIweretoseeTom,what___you___metotellhim?A.are,goingtoaskB.do,askC.would,askD.did,ask学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点：（1）省略if若虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可省略if而将were,had,should移到句首。如：（1）IfIwereinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.（2）__forthedoctor’scarefultreatment,he___tilllastyear.A.Ifitisnot,can’tliveB.Wereitnot,couldn’tliveC.Haditnotbeen,couldn’thavelivedD.Iftheywerenot,couldn’tliveWereIinschoolagain,...1.Ifyouhadfinishedwritingthebooklastmonth,itwouldbepublishednextmonth.2.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.错综时间虚拟条件句3.Ifyouhadmethimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（2）错综时间虚拟条件句虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。[考题]ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI___inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示如“butfor”，“without”及“butthat”“exceptfor和“supposing”“otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟：Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Withoutthemoney,Iwouldnotbealivenow.（3）含蓄虚拟条件句Supposingtherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Shewouldleaveherhusbandexceptforchildren.如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的考题点击：1.Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI____muchlongertime.A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenD2.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescoredD3.Withoutliberationwe________anewlife.A.wouldnotbeginB.wouldnothavebeenbegunC.hadnotbegunD.wouldnothavebegunDifonly过去完成时一般过去时对过去虚拟对现在虚拟could+完成时（4）ifonly从句ifonly若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要...就好1.IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes.2.Ifonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger.Ifonlyshehadlivedalittlelonger.3.Ifonlyhehadarrivedintime.would/could/might+动词原形对将来虚拟比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.[考题]1.Ifonlygrandmother____thistogetherwithusnow.A.willseeB.couldseeC.mustseeD.shouldseeB2.Ifonlyhe___quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie(lie躺，lay,lain)C二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与过去事实相反:IwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与将来事实相反:Iwishhewouldforgiveme.wish+(that)+did(were)wish+(that)+haddonewish+would/could/might+do2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;六项要求demand,request,require,ask;urge,desire,注意:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advisedItisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.Howstrangethatyoushouldnothaveheardit!Itisquitenaturalthatsheshouldsucceed.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…Itseemssuchapitythatyoushouldhavetospendthedayatthehotel.你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情.Itisaburningshamethatlittlechildrenshouldhavetobeginthestreet.小孩们得在街上乞讨,这是一件严重的可耻的事.Itisnowonderthatsheshouldnotwritetoyou.她不给你写信一点也不奇怪.四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击：1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACAasif/asthough过去完成时一般过去时would/could/might+动词原形对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shetakescareoftheorphanasifhewereherownchild.Itissocoolasifitwereautumn.Shelooksasthoughshehadbeenill.Itlooksasifitmightrain.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气用在lest(惟恐,免得),forfearthat(以免,为防止…起见)和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。1.Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.2.Hetookhisraincoatwithhim