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ImportantculturalinformationaboutthethreesistersoftheBrontesCharlotteBronte:bornon21April1816inThornton,Yorkshire,England.Shediedon31March1855fromcomplicationsduringpregnancy.HermostfamousworkisJaneEyreImportantculturalinformationaboutthethreesistersoftheBrontesEmilyBronte:bornon30July1818anddiedon19December1848fromtuberculosis.Herbest-knownworkisWutheringHeights.AnnaBronte:bornon17January1820anddiedon28May1948frominfluenza.Herbest-knownworkisAgnesGrey.ImportantculturalinformationaboutthethreesistersoftheBrontesThethreesistersCharlotte,EmilyandAnnefirstpublishedtheirpoetryunderpseudonyms:PoemsbyCurrer.EllisandActionBellwasreleasedin1846,sellingonlyafewcopies.Thetwosisters,EmilyandCharlotte,hadalmostsimultaneouslywrittenwhatlaterbecameknownastwoofthegreatnovelsofEnglishLiterature.Charlotte’snovelJaneEyrewaspublishedin1847,shortlyafterEmily’sWutheringHeights.JaneEyrewasanimmediatesuccessandCharlottewentontopublishShirley(1848)andVillette(1853).Sheoutlivedhersisterbutstillwasonly38whenshediedduringpregnancy.Thethreesistersalllivedatragiclife,dyingveryyoung.Charlottewastheonlyoneofthesisterstomarry.HernovelTheProfessorwaswrittenbeforeJaneEyrebutnotpublisheduntil1857.AschildrenthethreeprecocioussistersandtheirbrotherBranwelldreamtupandwroteintricatehistoriesofthefantasykingdomsofAngriaandGondal;LegendsofAngria,acollectionofCharlotte’schildhoodwritings,waspublishedin1933.Part2ReadingComprehensionsacrifice:giveupsth.Ofgreatvaluetooneselfforaspecialpurpose,ortobenefitsb.else.e.g.Hesacrificedhislifetosavethedrowningchild.Shehassacrificedherself(herlife,herpleasuresandpastimes)toherhusband’sinterestsandwelfare(利益和好处).Part2ReadingComprehensionPara.1Brainhassupplantbrawn:Brawnreferstophysicalstrengthwhilebrainindicatesintellectualpower.SupplantTaketheplaceof(sb.)esp.aftergettinghimoutofoffice取而代之e.g.ThePrimeMinisterwassupplantedbyhisrival.Part2ReadingComprehensionculturalpreference:traditionalbiasedopinioninfavorofsomething/sometypeofpeople.warn:give(sb.)noticeofpossibledangerorunpleasantconsequence;informinadvanceofwhatmayhappen.e.g.Hewaswarnedofthedanger.Wewarnedthemnottogoskatingonsuchthinice.Hewarnedmethattherewerepickpocketsinthecrowd.Part2ReadingComprehensiondismiss:1)sendaway(fromone’semployment,fromservice)e.g.Theservantwasdismissedforbeinglazyanddishonest.Theofficewasdismissedtheservice(ordismissedformtheservice)forneglectofduty.2)allowtogoe.g.theteacherdismissedhisclasswhenthebellrang.3)Putawayformthemind,orstopthinkingortalkingaboute.g.…todismissallthoughtsofrevenge摒除一切报复的念头LanguagepointsPara.2hingeon/upon…:turnordepend(on,upon)以…而定e.g.Everythinghingesuponwhathappensnext.Para.3hoard:saveandstore(up)e.g.…hoardgold…hoarduptreasurepackhimoffto:sendhimto(preparingtheluggageandprovidingfareforhim)e.g.WhentheChristmasseasonwasover,theparentspackedthechildrenofftotheboardingschool.LanguagepointsPara.4…thefamilylandedBranwellajob…:thefamilyfoundajobforBranwelldeserve:beentitledto;merit应该得到,值得e.g.Goodworkdeservesgoodpay.Hecertainlydeservestobesenttoprison.LanguagepointsPara.5convince:make(sb.)feelcertaine.g.Wecouldn’tconvincehimofhismistake.Iamconvincedthatheishonest.turntoa.goorapplyto求助于e.g.Thechildturnedtoitsmotherforcomfort.b.Setabout,getbusy(with)开始,着手e.g.It’stimeweturnedto(ourwork).LanguagepointsPara.6atone’sexpense:atthecostofe.g.Hebecameabrilliantscholar,butonlyattheexpenseofhishealth.forfearof:becauseofanxietyaboute.g.Sheaskedusnottobenoisy,forfearofwakingthebaby.forfearthat:inorderthate.g.Idaren’ttellyouwhathedid,forfearthatheshouldbeangrywithme.LanguagepointsPara.7Pent-up:shutupwithinnarrowlimits;notallowedtobefreeorfreelyexpressed.e.g.Idon’tlikebeingpentupinthehouseallthetime.Agoodargumentallowsyoutoreleaseyourpent-upemotions.conflict1)vi.beinoppositionordisagreemente.g.Theiraccountifthecausesofthewarconflictswithours.2)n.(ofopinion,desires,etc.)opposition;differenceThetwopartieshavebeeninconflictsincetheelection.Thegovernor’srefusaltoapplythelawbroughthimintoconflictwiththefederalgovernment.LanguagepointsPara.8toll:(fig.)sth.Paid,lost,orsufferede.g.…thetolloftheroads(deathandinjuriesformtrafficaccidents)Thewartookaheavytollofthenation’smanhood.ButyearsofsacrificeforBranwellhadtakentheirtoll:Butyearsofhardworkhadhadadestructiveeffectonthehealthofthethreesister.nurture:bringup,givecare,trainingoreducationtoe.g.adelicatelynurturedgirl一个经悉心教养的女孩LanguagepointsPara.9Theirsacrificedgeniuscriedouttousthat…:Theirsacrificedgeniustellsusforcefullythat…e.g.Thedangerofdeathonthehighwaycriesoutforcarefuldriving.cryone’seyes(heart)out:weepverybitterly嚎啕痛哭LanguagepointsPara.10Puttingallofhiseggsinonemalebasket:puttingallhishopesonhissonBranwell.Theexpressionisderivedformthesayingputtingallone’seggsinonebasketwhichmeanstodependentirelyonthesuccessofonescheme,plan,etc.ReadMoregrate:(fig.)haveanirritatingeffect产生不满情绪cup:(fig.)thatcomestoaperson;experiencee.g.Hiscupofhappinesswasfull.他享尽幸福nudge:touchorpushslightlywiththeelbowinordertodrawsb.’sattentionprivatelyclog:(causeto)beorbecomeblockedwithwastematter,dirt,grease,etc.,