整理文体学答案

文体学课后题1、2单元1Identifyandclassifypatternsofsoundrepetitioninthefollowingexamples.1）Wordsandphrasesshilly-shally=pararhymesuper-duper=rhymehighandmighty=assonancefairandsquare=rhymekithandkin=reverserhymetoilandmoil=rhymepartandparcel=reverserhymebyhookorbycrook=rhyme2）PrideandPrejudice=alliterationTheLove’slabourLost=alliterationOfMiceandMan=alliterationBillRogers,MarvelousMarathonMan=alliterationFatherinaFix=alliterationWitchWatch=alliterationTheWonderofWaterfall=alliteration3)Advertisements--DrinkaPintaMilkaDay=soundelision--ExtraPintasWarmaWinta=soundelision--Bedifferentdaily.Bedreamyordramatic.Experiment,butstilleconomise.Beboldandbebeautiful—butdon’tbreakthebank.=(inorder)alliteration;alliteration;reverserhyme;alliteration2Theunderlinedword(s)ineachofthefollowingexamples1)NimChimpskysoundslikeNoamChompsky,whobelievesthatmanhasalanguagelearningdeviceinthemind,whichenablesthechildtolearnthelanguagehoweverbadlyitistaught.Thismakesmandifferentfromanimal,whichdoesnothavesuchadevice.Thatiswhychimpanzee(whoisconsideredtobethemostintelligentanimal)canneverlearnthelanguagehoweverharditistaught.2）RomeowisawordimitatingthesoundmadebyacatandsharesthesamepronunciationwiththemaincharacterinShakespeare’stragedyRomeoandJuliet.RomeohasdeeploveforJuliet.ItindicatesthatRomeowthecathasaffectionforthemaster.3)RecordshopnamedMobyDisc,whichimpliesitisahugeshopofitskind,foritremindsoneoftheMobyDick,abookwhichdepictspeoplehuntahugewholecalledMobyDick.31)phonologicaldevicesinthefollowingextract.Acreakofhinges...aisle.Inthispassagetheauthorsusesalliterationhigh-heeled,assonancetiledsurfaceofthecentralaisle.Whatismoreconspicuousistheuseofonomatopoeicwordssuchascreak,boomingthud,flutter,tiptap,whichpresentthedifferentkindsofnoisesheardinthechurch.Theuseofsuchwordshelpthereadersharethesameexperienceofthewriterandmakethedescriptionvividandbelievable.2）ReadthefollowingextractfromthenovelAdventuresofTom3）Sawyerandcommentonthegraphologicalforms.“TOM!”Noanswer....--MarkTwaiThisisoneepisodeofthenovelAdventuresofTomSawyer,depictinghowGrannyislookingforTom,whoisnaughtyandhidingunderthebed.ThedifferentformofletterswithpunctuationmarksindicateshowGrannyspeaks.Whenwereadit,wehavethefeelingofwatchingGrannyonastageplay.Forexample,“TOM!”issaidlouderthan“Tom!”.“Y-o-u-u,Tom!”indicatesGrannydrawlshervoiceandwithunusualloudnesssoastobeheardfaraway.Theexclamationmarks“!”showheremotion,andthedash“—“implieshersuddenstop.Theitalicizedthroughemphasizesthecontrastwith“over”and“under”,humorouslyimplyingherglassesareintendedforornamentratherthanpracticaluse.Inthewholepassage,weseetheonlycharacterGranny,whoisspeakingtoherself.Itisverymuchlikeastagemonologue.Afterreading,wehaveavividimageofGrannyinourmind.Andthereisatouchofhumourallthrough.3单元1Whatarethethreewaysofclauseclassification?classificationaccordingtoconstituents,verbphraseandfunctions.ByconstituentsclausescanbegroupedintoSV(A),SVO(A),SVC,SVOO,SVOC.Byverbphrasewehavefiniteclause,non-finiteclauseandverblessclause.Byfunctionsclausescanbecategorizedeitherasindependentclauseordependentclause.2howdowedistinguishsituationtypes?Byaccordingtomeaningorsenseoftheverb.3Nametheparticipantrolesinactiontypes?Theparticipantrolesinactiontypesare:agentiverole(doeroftheaction),externalforce(causeroftheaction),intrumentalrole(tooltodotheactionwith),recipientrole(receiveroftheaction)andobjectiverole(theaffectedortheresultoftheaction).4Whatisasimplesentence?Whatisamultiplesentence?Directly/indirectlyAsimplesentenceconformstothebasicclausestructureSV(O)(C)(A).Amultiplesentenceconsistsofmorethanoneclause.Itmaybeeitheracompoundsentence,acomplexsentence,oramixedsentence.D:nominalclausesfunctionasSOC.I:relativeclausesfunctionasmodifiedinNPandcomparativecfasminNPADJP5Whatisthedifferencebetweenaminorsentenceandanincompletesentence?Neithertypeconformstothebasicclausestructure.Butaminorsentenceissupposedtobe“complete”inthesensethatitisfinished.Anincompletesentencenevercomestoitsendbecauseofsuddeninterruptionorotherreasons.Forexample,(1)Attention,please.(2)Help!(3)Goingtothelecture?(4)Whyareyoulate?BecauseI—Ofthefoursentences,(1)(2)(3)areminorsentenceswhereas(4)isanincomplete.6Whatarethemajorcomponentsofanounphrase?Whatistheuseofpre-modification?Whatisthefunctionofpost-modification?Acompletenounphraseconsistsoffourconstituents:determiner,pre-modifier,headandpost-modifier.Thedeterminercanbeanarticle,numerals,numeralpronouns;allthewordsbetweenthedeterminativeandtheheadarepre-modifier,whateverpartofspeechtheybelongto;theheadcanbeanounorapronoun;thepost-modifierisusuallyaprepositionalphrase,anounphrase,anon-finiteclause,arelativeclause,etc.Frequentuseofpre-modificationinnewspaperheadlinescaneconomizespace,andarousethereader’sinterestaswellbecausepre-modificationisusuallyshort,thuscannotspelloutdetails.Thiskeepsthereaderinsuspenseandkicksuptheireagernesstofindout.Pre-modificationtendstobeinformalandappearsinlessformalstyle.Post-modificationcanbeverylongandcomplicated.Usingpost-modificationcangiveenoughroomfordetailsandforfurtherinformati