第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页1第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉1.有一个炉丝温度为1120K,功率1KW的电炉。若炉丝长0.3m,直径10mm,黑度0.95,试计算炉丝的辐射效率(炉丝辐射功率与电功率之比值)。解:炉丝辐射功率:40TAQ=)(8.79811201067.53.001.095.048W炉丝的辐射效率=%8.7910008.7982.有一3×l×lm的热钢锭,它的95%的表面暴露在外。此钢锭的黑度为0.3,它的导热系数非常高(即传热速率不受内部导热的限制),而周围空气的温度为303K。钢的比热容和密度分别为500J/(kg.K)和7800kg/m3。假定通过支承物的导热损失忽略不计,对流热损失很小,试计算钢锭从1273K冷却至1073K的时间。(提示:热平衡Q=dtdH,钢锭焓的下降速率。因TTa,故T4-4aT4T)解:dTVcdHp40TAdtdTVCdtdHQp分离变量,得:10731273400TAdTVCdtpt107312734801067.5)211413(95.03.05001137800TdTdtt第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页2)]1273110731(31[1017.53313t=5598(S)=1.55h3.厚金属板上有一个如图所示的开口空腔。若金属板具有均匀温度,且空腔壁面黑度为l,试问空腔壁面所辐射的能量经开口处进入环境的分率是多少?解:121212AA%6.10252404010121212LLLLAA4.两块平行放置的平板,温度分别保持t1=800K和t2=300K,板的黑度21=0.8、板间距离远小于板的宽度和高度。试求板的本身辐射;板1和板2之间的辐射换热量;板1的有效辐射;板1的反射辐射;对板1的投入辐射及板2的有效辐射。解:⑴板1的本身辐射:24484111mW108579.12735271067.58.0TEo第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页3板2的本身辐射:2484222mW416.367273271067.58.0TEo⑵板的有效辐射:由njijiioiiiWEW1得22221122221221111111WWE即148224812.0273271067.58.02.02735271067.58.0解方程组得:2221mW4.4253mW19430WW由iioiiiiAWEQ得:)/(15177194302735271067.52.08.0248101111mWWEq或另一方法:2448212112mW15184=30080010675180180111111...EEAQoo248111211mW19428=8.02.0151848001067.5AQEWo第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页4248221222mW4255.27=8.02.0151843001067.5AQEWo投入辐射:ijjiWE22221211121mW27.42552122212122mW19428反射辐射:tiiRiEE板1:2211mW54.85127.42552.0E板2:2222mW6.3885194282.0E⑶两板间的辐射换热量,即净辐射量:2448212112mW15184180180130080010675111...EEqoo5.有一边长为0.5m的正方体空腔,其顶面温度恒为573K,而其余表面的温度均保持373K。假定所有表面的黑度都是0.8,试计算顶面和其它表面之间的辐射换热量。解:设顶面为表面1,其余表面为表面2,2.015.05.055.05.0122121AA8.02.0112122板的有效辐射:由njijiioiiiWEW1第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页5得22221122221221111111WWE即)8.02.0(2.03731067.58.02.05731067.58.0214822481解方程组得:2221mW4.1290mW9.5147WW由iioiiiiAWEQ得)(9645.05.09.51475731067.52.08.0481101111WAWEQ方法二:这种情况可看成一物包一物的情况,即将顶面看成其余几面所包的物体)(3.965)18.01(5.055.08.01)373573(1067.55.0)11(1)(224482221121112WAAEEAQOO6.板1和板2平行放置且相距很近。若在它们之间插入一块黑度3=0.05的磨光镍片板3,试证明当21=0.8时,板l和板2之间无遮热板的辐射换热量为有遮热板时的27倍。证明:无遮热板的辐射换热量为5.118.018.011110201020121020112EEEEEEq有遮热板时:25.20105.018.011110301030131030113EEEEEEq第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页625.20105.018.011110203020323020332EEEEEEq达到热平衡时:3213qq,即25.2025.2002030301EEEE解得:)(21020103EEE5.4025.20)(2125.200201020101030113EEEEEEEq12q/13q=5.10201EE/5.400201EE=27所以板l和板2之间无遮热板的辐射换热量为有遮热板时的27倍。7.有一储存液氮的保温瓶,由同心圆筒构成,内层长0.5m,直径为0.2m;而外层长0.52m,直径为0.22m。瓶的颈部非常狭窄,同时中间真空层的表面用黑度为O.04的铝膜覆盖。己知液氮的沸点为126K,室内空气为294K,试计算传给氮的净辐射热。解:一物包一物:)11(1)(22110201112AAEEAQ1386.0)222.0(252.022.0)2(2221111dLdA12.0)22.0(25.02.0)2(2222222dLdA248411mW6.4232941067.5TEoo2484202mW3.141261067.5TEo第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页7WAAEEAQ38.3)104.01(12.01386.004.01)3.146.423(1386.0)11(1)(221102011128.有一个4×4×4m的空腔,其中一个侧壁温度恒为523K,底面温度维持在303K,其它壁面均绝热。假定所有壁面都是黑表面,并已知垂直面间的角系数为0.2,试计算热的侧壁和底面之间的辐射换热量。解:设侧壁温度恒为523K的表面为表面1,底面为表面2,其它壁面为表面38.02.0112.0121312,8.02.0112.02123216.02.02.0112.04448.0442.04448.044323133323232313131AAAA248411mW2.42425231067.5TEoo2484202mW9.4773031067.5TEo表面1和表面2的直接辐射换热量:WEEAQ8.12045)9.4772.4242(2.044)(020112112表面3反射的热量:(31=32)WEEAQ6.24091)9.4772.4242()2.01(4421)(210201121'12WQQ4.361376.240918.12045'1212第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页89.对流室的烟气中含H2015%(体),CO27.5%(体),试求烟气的黑度和吸收率。假定对流室管束为等边三角形排列,炉管为Ф89×6,管心距S1=2dc。排间距S2=0.866S1。烟气的平均温度为848K,管壁温度为558K。解:由P337表7-3查得,对流室中烟气平均辐射长度为mDL249.0089.08.28.2设烟气总压为1atm,atmpOH15.02,atmpCO075.02matmLpOH0374.0249.015.02matmLpCO0187.0249.0075.02烟气温度为848K,查P338-339图7-8,7-10,7-11,7-12,得066.02CO082.02OH045.0g07.12OHC147.0)045.01)(07.1082.0066.0()1)((22gOHCOg管壁温度TW=558K,matmTTLpgWOH0246.0848558249.015.0)(2matmTTLpgWCO0123.0848558249.0075.0)(2管壁温度TW=558K,查P338-339图7-8,7-10,7-11,7-12,得*2CO0.05082.02OH045.0g07.12OHC0656.0)558848(05.0)(65.065.0*22WgCOCOTT115.0)558848(07.1082.0)(65.065.0*22WgOHOHTT172.0)045.01)(115.00656.0()1)((22gOHCOg第七章辐射传热与管式加热炉第页910.温度为823K的混合气体,在直径为200mm的圆管中流过。混合气体中含有CO2l3%(体)、和H2011%(体)。若管内壁温度恒为423K,黑度等于l。试计算混合气体与单位管长的辐射换热量。可认为气体总压力1.013×l05Pa。解:设烟气总压为1atm,atmpOH11.02,atmpCO13.0201.012.04422ldVi22.02.04212.04222iidldA1636.022.001.06.36.3AVLmatmLpOH02127.01636.011.02matmLpCO018.01636.013.02烟气温度为823K,查P338-339图7-8,7-10,7-11,7-12,得069.02CO05.02OH048.0g07.12OHC1166.0)048.01)(07.105.0069.0()1)((22gOHCOg管壁温度TW=558K,matmTTLpgWOH01093.08234231636.011.0)(2matmTTLpgWCO009252.08234231636.0069.0)(2管壁温度TW=558K,查P338-339图7-8,7-10,7-11,7-12,得*2CO0.049051.0*2OH048.0g07.12OHC07552.0)423823(049.0)(65.065.0*22Wg