荷马史诗《奥德赛》Odyssey

Homer’sOdyssey1Content1.Background2.CharacterofOdyssey3.Outline4.Synopsis(Cyclops,Circe,Underworld,Sirens,Calypso,Ithaca)21.BackgroundTheOdysseyisoneoftwomajorancientGreekepicattributedtoHomer.Itis,inpart,asequeltotheIliad.ThepoemisfundamentaltothemodernWesterncanon,andisthesecondoldestextantworkofWesternliterature,theIliadbeingtheoldest.32.CharacterofOdysseyOdysseus'sheroictraitishiscunningintelligence;heisoftendescribedasthePeerofZeusinCounsel.Whenbeingtheoppositionofthegods,Odysseusisshrewd,tough,clear-sighted,experienced.Andheisintenselyself-reliant,confidentofhisownpowersagainstthebuffetingsoffate.4563.OutlineThepoemmainlyfocusesontheGreekheroOdysseusandhisjourneyhomeafterthefallofTroy.IttakesOdysseustenyearstoreachIthacaaftertheten-yearTrojanWar.74.Synopsis–CyclopsOntheirwayhome,thegodofthesea,Poseidon,wasangrywithOdysseusforblindinghissonCyclops,andthencursesOdysseustowandertheseafortenyears,duringwhichhewouldloseallhiscrew.Theysufferedthestormandwerecompletelyannihilated.FinallywithhiswitandcourageonlyOdysseus’sshipescaped.8910OdysseusgetsPolyphemosdrunkandescapes4.Synopsis–CirceThenextislandishomeofthewitchCirce.Circegavethecrewapotiontodrink,whichturnedthemintopigs.Odysseususedaspecialherbtocountertheeffectsofthepotion,andremainedunchanged.Impressedbythis,thewitchpromptlyfellinlovewithhim,andsheoffereddirectionstotheUnderworld.1112InHadesoftheUnderworld,Odysseusmetthespiritofhismotherwhohaddiedofgriefduringhislongabsence.Fromher,heknowsitisassumedhehasdied.HiswifePenelope,whohadremainedfaithfulandhissonmustdealwithacrowdof108boisterousyoungmen,theSuitors,whoseaimistopersuadePenelopetomarryoneofthemandeatuphiswealth.134.Synopsis–Underworld14TheyskirtedthelandoftheSirens,whosanganenchantingsongthatnormallycausedpassingsailorstosteertowardtherocksandsink.AllofthesailorsexceptforOdysseus,whowastiedtothemastashewantedtohearthesong,hadtheirearspluggedupwithbeeswax.154.Synopsis–Sirens164.Synopsis–CalypsoTheysufferedashipwreck.AllbutOdysseusweredrowned;heclungtoatreeaboveCharybdisandwashedashoreontheisland.HewascompelledtoremainthereasCalypso'sloverfornearlysevenyearsuntilshewasorderedbyHermestoreleaseOdysseus.1718194.Synopsis–IthacaOdysseuscomesbackhomewhilesuitorswhooccupyhishomewantPenelopetogiveuponherhusbandandremarry.PenelopeagreestomarrythemanwhocanwinthecontestofstringingOdysseusbowandshootinganarrowthroughadozenaxes.TheonlymanwhocandoitisOdysseuswhodisguisedasabeggar.HethenturnshisarrowsontheSuitorsandkillsthem.OdysseusandPenelopearetogetheragain.2021222324