功能学派翻译理论

Functionalschool___byteamthreeGeneraldescriptionaboutfunctionalistschoolTheschoolholdsthattranslationisaparticularvarietyoftranslatonalactionbasedonsourcetext.Anytranslationalaction,includingtranslationitself,isanaction.Anyactionhasanaimorpurpose.TheSkopostheoriebroughtforthbyVermeeristhemostimportantfunctionalisttranslationtheory.•Thefunctionalisttranslationtheoriescastoffthefettersofequivalencetheorybyusing“skoposrule”asanoverallprincipleintranslationandplacingtranslationintheframeofactiontheoryandcross-culturalcommunicationtheory.Inthissense,thefunctionalisttheoriesbroadenthescopeoftranslationtheorystudyingandinfusenewmeaningsintotranslation.翻译理论的发展德国功能派翻译理论的形成历经四个发展阶段，主要包括凯瑟林娜·赖斯(KatharinaReiss)的功能主义翻译批评理论、汉斯·费米尔(HansVermeer)的目的论，贾斯塔·赫兹·曼塔利(JustaHolz-Manttari)的翻译行为理论和克里斯蒂安·诺德(ChristianeNord)的功能加忠诚理论。majorrepresentatives瑟林娜·赖斯(KatharinaReiss)汉斯·费米尔(HansVermeer)克里斯蒂安·诺德(ChristianeNord)贾斯塔·赫兹·曼塔利(JustaHolz-Manttari)KatharinaReiss（功能主义翻译批评理论）•Functionalapproach•Classificationoftextsas:•'informative‘•'expressive‘•'operative‘•KatharinaReisswasbornMay29,1859inUlm,Oberkirch,Baden,Germany,anddiedSeptember17,1924inRenchen,Achern,Baden,Germany.ShemarriedAugustBergeronMay6,1889莱斯根据布勒的的语言功能，把文本类型分为三种：信息型、表情型、操作型TexttypeinformativeexpressiveoperativeLanguagefunctionRepresentingobjectsandfactsExpressingsender’sattitudeappellativeLanguagedimensionlogicalaestheticdialogicTextfocusContent-focusedForm-focusedAppelative-focusedTTshouldTransmitreferentialcontentTransmitaestheticformElicitdesiredresponsemethodPlainprose,explicitationasrequired‘Identifying’method，adoptperspectiveofSTauthorAdaptative,equivalenceinformative------------------------expressiveOperativeRefernceworkReportlectureBiographyPlaypoemOperatinginstructionsToursimbrochureOfficialspeechSermonElectoralspeechadvertisemenKatharinaReiss•Works：TranslationCriticism-ThePotentialsandLimitations:CategoriesandCriteriaforTranslationQualityAssessment•ThisisthefirstEnglishtranslationofthismajorwork,allowingstudentsandpractitionersoftranslationintheEnglish-speakingworldtomakemoreextensiveuseofReiss'spioneeringtreatmentofacentralthemeintranslation:•herworktellsushowtodevelopreliablecriteriaforthesystematicevaluationoftranslations.Usingawealthofinterestingandvariedexamples,Reissoffersasystematicandilluminating（有启发性的）texttypology,apragmatic（实际的)approachtotextanalysis,afunctionalperspectiveontranslationandahermeneuticviewofthetranslator,thusaccountingforsomeofthemostimportantaspectsofthetranslationprocess:thetext(bothsourceandtargetversions),theconditionswhichdeterminethetranslator'sdecisions,andthetranslatorasanindividualwhosepersonalinterpretationhastoberespectedbyanycritic.Holz-Mäntarri（行为理论）•Holz-Mäntarri(1984)•Translationalaction（行为理论）Acommunicativeprocessinvolving:•Theinitiator(翻译的发起者)•Thecommissioner(委托人)•TheSTproducer(原文生产者)•TheTTproducer(译文生产者）•TheTTuser(译文使用者)•TheTTreceiver(译文接受者)•WithintherealmoffunctionallinguisticsisJustaHolz-Mänttäri’stheoryoftranslationalactionthattakesintoaccountpracticalissueswhile,atthesametime,placingtheemphasisfirmlyonthereaderoftheTT.Thismeans,forexample,thatthingslikethesourcetexttypemaybealtered(改变），ifitisdeemedtobeinappropriateforthetargetculture.汉斯·费米尔(HansVermeer)•German•September1930-4February2010•SkoposandCommissioninTranslationalActionStartingtoUnaskWhatTranslatologyIsAbout.1998TranslationandtheMeme（文化基因）.1997•Gaveupthesource-textcentered•PuttingforwardfamousSkopostheorie（目的论）---landmarkoffunctionaltranslation:theprimeprinciplethatanytranslationshouldobserveis“skoposrule”:theskopos(purpose)ofanytranslationisgoingtofulfilldecidesthewholetranslatingprocess.Askoposisessentialtotranslationanditplaysadirectanddecisiveroleinwhattranslationstrategiesatranslatorwilladopttofulfillhisaiminthewholetranslationprocess.汉斯·费米尔(HansVermeer)Skopostheorieincludesthreeprincipalrules:•theSkoposrule•thecoherencerule(intratextualcoherence)coherentwiththereceiver’sowncommunicativesituationandculture•fidelityrule(intertextualcoherence)bearsomekindofrelationshipwiththesourcetext汉斯·费米尔(HansVermeer)•Bornin1943•GraduatedfromHeidelbergUniversityin1967•Degree:anHonoursDegreeinTranslationStudies–Spanish;EnglishPh.D.inRomanceStudies:UniversityofHeidelberg,1983•MemberoftheBoardofAdvisorsofseveralscholarlyjournals,suchasTheTranslator•TextAnalysisinTranslation.1991TranslatingasaPurposefulActicity.1997克里斯蒂安·诺德(ChristianeNord)克里斯蒂安·诺德(ChristianeNord)•putforwardtheloyaltyrule,supplementtoSkopostheorie•translatorremainsresponsibleforworkcarriedoutaccordingtosomeoneelse'scriteriaandfurtherpositsthatthetranslator'sloyaltyistobothsendersandreceivers克里斯蒂安·诺德(ChristianeNord)CompareSTandTTprofilesinthecommissiontoseewherethetwotextsmaydiverge;giveinformation(theintendedtextfunctions;themedium;themotive)forthetranslatortoprioritizewhatinformationtoincludeintheTT.Establishafunctionalhierarchywhiletranslating:•Theintendedfunctionofthetranslationshouldbedecided•ThosefunctionalelementsthatwillneedtobeadaptedtotheTTaddressees’situationhavetobedetermined•Thetranslationtypedecides