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名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that，if，whether；疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how，why等。1.主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。例如：Whodidthatisknowntoall.Itisinterestingthatyoushouldlikehim.2.表语从句表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.表语从句不能用if引导，但可用asif引导。例如：Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry．3.同位语从句同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact，news，promise，idea，truth等。连接词用that（不用which），及连接副词how，when，where，why等。例如：Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway．Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Sheaskedthereasonwhytherewasadelay．4.宾语从句1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：Wecanlearnwhatwedidnotknow．HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see，hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。如：Wefinditnecessarythatwepractisespoken-Englisheveryday．另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad,certain等之后也可带宾语从句。如：Iamsurethathewillsucceed.注意：1)关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：a)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.b)在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether。例如：Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.Ithasn'tbeendecidedwhether(if)weshallattendthemeeting.c)在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：Italldepends（on）whethertheywillsupportus．d)后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.e)后面紧接ornot时。例如：Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready．f)引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。例如：Whetheryoulikeitornot，youmustdoitwell.g)用if会引起歧义时。例如：Please1etmeknowifyoulikeit.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢，请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。2)关联词if，whether均可使用的情况如下：a)引导宾语从句。例如：Iwonderif（whether）thenewsistrueornot．b)在“be十形容词”之后。例如：Hewasnotsurewhether(if)itisrightorwrong.3)关联词只能用whether或if，不能用that的情况如下：若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。例如：Idoubtwhetherhewillcomesoon.Idonotdoubtthathewillcomesoon.Doyoudoubtthathewillcomesoon？注意：下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为未必可能”。Idoubtthathewillcome.2.直接引语和间接引语。引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接于主句。1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。例如：Hesaid，“I'mveryglad.”Hesaidthathewasveryglad.2)一般疑问句变为if（whether）引导的宾语从句。例如：Hesaid，“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John？”HeaskedwhetherJohncouldcomethatafternoon.3)特殊疑问句变为由who，what,when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例：Hesaid，“WhereisMr.Wang？”HeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas.注意上述例句中时态，人称代词，时间状语的变化。主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词变化如下：一般现在时变为一般对去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一股将来时变为过去将来时；现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；过去完成时仍为过去完成时。如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。例如：Hesays，”Icleanedthef1oor.”Hesayshecleanedthefloor.巩固训练1.________thenewplancanbecarriedoutwillbediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whether2.Youmustthinkof________youcandomoreforothers.A.thatB.howC.whatD.which3.Theyaskedthecaptainif________thedestinationsafely.A.theshipcanreachB.theshipcouldreachC.didtheshipreachD.theshipreached4.________thatnotallthebooksarehelpfultome.A.ItseemstomeB.InmyopinionC.IthinkinmymindD.Iseem5.Thereareacrowdofpeoplethere.Whatdoyousuppose________.A.hadhappenedB.hashappenedC.ishappenedD.happened6.________oneofmyldfriendswasontheflighttoNewYork.A.IthappenedthatB.ItwashappenedthatC.ThathappenedD.Ithappenedto7.Chinaisnolonger________.A.sheusedtobeB.thatsheusedtobeC.whatsheusedtobeD.whatsheusedtolike8.Thethought________hemightbeputinprisonworriedhimalot.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that9.________the29thOlympicGameswillbeholdinBeijing,ChinamadealltheChineseexcited.A.WhatB.WhenC.ThatD.Whether10.Itisimpossible________heforgot________hehadsaid.A.that;whatB.what;thatC.what;thatD.that;that11.Thetruthis________thetaxidriverbrokethetrafficrule.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.which12.________wewanttoknowis________theaccidenthappened.A.That;whenandwhatB.What;whatandwhenC.That;whichandwhereD.What;whenandwhere.13.Iwonderhowmuch________.A.doesthecomputercostB.didthecomputercostC.thecomputercostD.thecomputercosts14.Ihaveallkindsofbooksthere,youmaytake________youlikemost.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.whicheverD.that15.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if16.Therecanbenodoubt________heisqualifiedforthejob.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.which17.Ihavenoinformationabout________hewillcomeornot.A.ifB.eitherC.whetherD.what18.Nowwehavelittleidea________lifetheywerethenliving.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.how19.It’swidelybelieved________milkandeggsarenutritious.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether20.It’sdoubtful________weshallbeabletocome.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when21.Theofficialaskedme________tobuildthisplant.A.howlongitwastakenB.howlongithadtakenC.howmuchtimedidittakeD.howmuchtimeitwastaken22.Hemadeapromise________hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which23.Thisis________theSaltLakeCitylies.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when24.Itlooked________itwasgoingtorain.A.asifB.ifC.asD.whether25.Itdependson________hewasenoughmoney.A.ifB.ifornotC.whetherornotD.whether26.________getshomefirstistocookthesupper.A.WhoB.WhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever27.________WangFenglookedaftertheoldwomanawholeyearmovedusall.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhenD.Why28.________Ican’tunderstandis________hedoesn’twanttogo.A.What;whyB.That;thatC.Which;forD.Why;because29.Idon’tdoubt________hewillattendthemeeting.A.thatB.ifC.w