语言学第一章笔记和习题

为进一步强化公司安全生产、文明施工管理，切实落实安全生产责任，防止重大安全事故发生，保障企业和员工的生命和财产安全manufacturersdrawingsboltfastenedinthecylinderandoutercylinder.Cylindercylinderinthedrainpipeinstallationandmeasuringcomponentleads.6.4.4.3bladecarrier,partitionsandlowerinstallationcheckthesealingringofthesealandsprings,whichshallconformtothetechnicalrequirementsmanufacturersdrawings.CylindergasketonthemountingbracketssupportingtheGroupassembled,thelugsshallbenoBurronthesurface,andotherdebris.Departmentsuiteinplacetomeasuresurfaceandinnercylindersurfaceheightdifference,comparedwiththeoriginalvaluesconfirmthelocation.6.4.4.4lowerbearingandthrustbearinginstallationcleanbearingandbearing,thrustbearingjoints,cleanthemwithathinlayerofturbineoil,andthenliftingittobits.6.4.4.5highandmiddlepressurecylinderoverittotheend(forhighpressurerotorandlowpressurechangeflangegasketwithoutconnectionunit)rotorsandrotorflangegasketconnectionandthereisnoconnection,sotherotorinplacecases,rotorsinplacemustbehighandmiddlepressurecylindertogetherwiththeChamberoverittotheend.Jackintheboxthatareinstalledonapush-pulldeviceofadjustingthehighandmediumpressurecylindertoendoverandaroundtosetupindicatorstomonitordata,generaldataaboutthedifferencemustnotexceed0.02mm.Topreventcylinderaboutoutofsyncoverthesituation,takethefollowingmeasures:a)overJackusesthesamepump,evenly.B)lefttosetupindicatorstomonitoroverquantity.TopreventthemovementovertheChamberwhentheplaten,atthetopofthefrontbearingplateinstalledtight,thenanchorbasenexttothecorrespondingChapterone学点语言学语言学是对语言的系统研究，对于一个学习英语的人来说，应该懂一点语言学的知识，它可以在理论上对学习语言有指导作用，有助于更好的学习语言。TheGoalsforthisCourseTogetascientificviewonlanguage;Tounderstandsomebasictheoriesonlinguistics;Tounderstandtheapplicationsofthelinguistictheories,especiallyinthefieldsoflanguageteaching&learning(SLAorTEFL),cross-culturalcommunication……;Toprepareforthefutureresearchwork.TheRequirementsforthiscourseClassattendanceClassroomdiscussionFulfillmentoftheassignmentMonthlyexamExaminationReferenceBooks戴炜栋，何兆熊，(2002)，《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。胡壮麟，(2001)，《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。胡壮麟，李战子，《语言学简明教程》，北京大学出版社刘润清，(1995)，《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。Fromkin,V.&R.Rodman,(1998),AnIntroductiontoLanguagethesixthedition,Orlando,Florida:Holt,Ranehart&Winston,Inc.许国璋先生认为把语言定义成交际工具不够科学,至少不够严谨.他对语言的定义做了如下概括:语言是一种符号系统.当它作用于人与人之间的关系的时候,它是表达相互反应的中介;当它作用于人与客观世界的关系的时候,它是认知事物的工具;当它作用于文化的时候,它是文化的载体.Teachingaims:letthestudentshavethegeneralideaaboutlanguageandlinguistics.Teachingdifficulties:designfeaturesoflanguage;someimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsWhydowestudylanguage?AtoolforcommunicationAnintegralpartofourlifeandhumanityIfwearenotfullyawareofthenatureandmechanismofourlanguage,wewillbeignorantofwhatconstitutesouressentialhumanity.Whatcanlanguagemean?Languagecanmeanwhatapersonsays(e.g.badlanguage,expressions)thewayofspeakingorwriting(e.g.Shakespeare’slanguage,Luxun’slanguage)aparticularvarietyorlevelofspeechorwriting(e.g.languageforspecialpurpose,colloquiallanguage)theabstractsystemunderlyingthetotalityofthespeech/writingbehaviorofacommunity(e.g.Chineselanguage,firstlanguage)thecommonfeaturesofallhumanlanguages(e.g.Hestudieslanguage)atoolforhumancommunication.(socialfunction)为进一步强化公司安全生产、文明施工管理，切实落实安全生产责任，防止重大安全事故发生，保障企业和员工的生命和财产安全manufacturersdrawingsboltfastenedinthecylinderandoutercylinder.Cylindercylinderinthedrainpipeinstallationandmeasuringcomponentleads.6.4.4.3bladecarrier,partitionsandlowerinstallationcheckthesealingringofthesealandsprings,whichshallconformtothetechnicalrequirementsmanufacturersdrawings.CylindergasketonthemountingbracketssupportingtheGroupassembled,thelugsshallbenoBurronthesurface,andotherdebris.Departmentsuiteinplacetomeasuresurfaceandinnercylindersurfaceheightdifference,comparedwiththeoriginalvaluesconfirmthelocation.6.4.4.4lowerbearingandthrustbearinginstallationcleanbearingandbearing,thrustbearingjoints,cleanthemwithathinlayerofturbineoil,andthenliftingittobits.6.4.4.5highandmiddlepressurecylinderoverittotheend(forhighpressurerotorandlowpressurechangeflangegasketwithoutconnectionunit)rotorsandrotorflangegasketconnectionandthereisnoconnection,sotherotorinplacecases,rotorsinplacemustbehighandmiddlepressurecylindertogetherwiththeChamberoverittotheend.Jackintheboxthatareinstalledonapush-pulldeviceofadjustingthehighandmediumpressurecylindertoendoverandaroundtosetupindicatorstomonitordata,generaldataaboutthedifferencemustnotexceed0.02mm.Topreventcylinderaboutoutofsyncoverthesituation,takethefollowingmeasures:a)overJackusesthesamepump,evenly.B)lefttosetupindicatorstomonitoroverquantity.TopreventthemovementovertheChamberwhentheplaten,atthetopofthefrontbearingplateinstalledtight,thenanchorbasenexttothecorresponding2asetofrules.(rule-governed)Theoriginsoflanguage---themythoflanguageTheBiblicalaccountLanguagewasGod’sgifttohumanbeings.Thebow-wowtheoryLanguagewasanimitationofnaturalsounds,suchasthecriesofanimals,likequack,cuckoo.Thepooh-poohtheoryLanguagearosefrominstinctiveemotionalcries,expressiveofpainorjoy.Theyo-he-hotheoryLanguagearosefromthenoisesmadebyagroupofpeopleengagedinjointlabouroreffort–