专题十定语从句专题十定语从句专题十│专题导读定语从句考查的重点是关系副词与关系代词的区分及“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句,其中对as,which,whose用法的考查也比较多。考查方式由知识结构的单一性向综合性、交叉性转变;由重点考查关系代词向“介词+关系代词”以及关系副词转变。学习时尤其要注意以下两种定语从句:1.使用where而非“地点”型定语从句。定语从句的先行词是mark,situation,case,point,scene,business等名词而且从句缺少状语时,要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。2.“分裂”型定语从句。即运用插入语、介词、副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词,以达到增加试题难度的效果。2012年对定语从句考查将会继续遵循上述考点。专题导读专题十│真题典例()1.[2011·全国卷Ⅱ]TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaTshirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which【解析】D本题考查非限制性定语从句。which代表前面的整个句子的内容,指特德只穿短裤和T恤衫来度周末这件事。this和that均构成单句,逗号不能连接两个单句;what不是关系代词,不引导定语从句。真题典例专题十│真题典例()2.[2011·安徽卷]Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while【解析】C考查定语从句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“(食物)保持不坏”,如:Finishoffthepie—itwon'tkeep.(把馅饼吃了吧——搁不住。);其次从句的主语it指代的是Whateverisleftover(剩下的任何东西),从句的全句为:Whateverisleftoverwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeksintherefrigerator.先行词为refrigerator,在从句中作地点状语,故选C。专题十│真题典例()3.[2011·北京卷]MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,________,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that【解析】B考查定语从句的关系词。去掉干扰成分ofcourse后,题干会更清晰。可以看出,使大家不安的是前面所说的事情,即:MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,代替前面所说的一件事情,要用which引导的非限制性定语从句。专题十│真题典例()4.[2011·福建卷]Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents________allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who【解析】A本题考查定语从句。句意:她具有给学生创设一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知,定语从句“________allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother”修饰先行词atmosphere,将先行词代入从句后为:Theatmosphereallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语,而且指代物,所以须用关系代词which,故正确答案为A项。专题十│真题典例()5.[2011·湖南卷]JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof________shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that【解析】C本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“allof________”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰指代物的“German,FrenchandRussian”,故排除A、B两项,又根据that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。专题十│真题典例()6.[2011·江西卷]Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction________hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich【解析】C考查定语从句。句意为:她带参观者在博物馆里到处参观,这家博物馆的建设花了三年多时间。专题十│真题典例()7.[2011·全国卷Ⅰ]Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what【解析】C本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。本空在定语从句中作story的定语,因此用whose。专题十│真题典例()8.[2011·山东卷]Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】D本题考查定语从句。从结构判断,houses后面是一个定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,因此用that引导。专题十│真题典例()9.[2011·陕西卷]Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that【解析】B考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是thetopofthehill,在此处指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,选B。其余选项与题意不符。专题十│真题典例()10.[2011·四川卷]Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where【解析】B本题考查定语从句。此处是whose引导的非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店——其顾客大多是学生——因此放假就关门了。”专题十│真题典例()11.[2011·天津卷]Thedaysaregone___physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which【解析】A考查定语从句的关系词。解题时要注意,关系词和先行词被aregone隔离。引导一个定语从句,代替表示时间的先行词thedays,在从句中作时间状语,所以要用关系副词when。句意为:全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。专题十│真题典例()12.[2011·浙江卷]Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof________usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those【解析】A考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是severaldiversecultures,在从句中作of的宾语,所以应用关系代词which。专题十│真题典例()13.[2011·浙江卷]Abankistheplace________theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there【解析】C考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是theplace,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where。专题十│新题预测()1.Thesmalltownisjusttheoneyouknow____IusedtoworkwhenIwasyoung.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where【解析】D考查定语从句。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知,先行词theone在从句中作地点状语,因此该空应填where引导的定语从句。做题时应注意先行词与定语从句之间出现的插入语youknow。新题预测专题十│新题预测()2.Thehardshipsofmyearlylifeconstantlyremindmetoprovidethebestenvironmentformyson,________,Ihavetoadmit,mayresultinalittlespoiling(溺爱).A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who【解析】B考查定语从句。Ihavetoadmit作插入语,which在此引导非限制性定语从句,充当从句的主语,代指前面句子的内容。由此可以排除其他选项。专题十│新题预测()3.Asaresultofourseriousstaffshortages,thesituationhasrisen________wehavetohiregraduatingcollegestudentsforhelp.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.As【解析】C考查定语从句。把从句补充完整:Wehavetohiregraduatingcollegestudentsforhelpinthesituation,可以看出,先行词为thesituation在从句中作状语,故用关系副词where,因此答案为C。专题十│新题预测()4.Assoonasyougethomefromschool,thinkabouttheorder________youwilldohomeworkandhowmuchtimeyouwillspendoneachone.A.ofwhichB.inwhichC.throughwhichD.atwhich【解析】B考查定语从句。此题从搭配入手,in…order意为“按照……顺序”,此题即可迎刃而解。专题十│新题预测()5.—Believeitornot,mysisterandIaretwins.—Oh,youmusthavehadthecase________youweremistakenforyoursister.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.whom【解析】C考查定语从句。语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。whereyouweretakenforyoursister是定语从句,修饰先行词theease,表示的是抽象地点,where可用inwhich替换。专题十│新题预测()6.—Whatdoesthenoticesay?—Allthestorytellersshouldmeetatthesamehall________wonthefirstthreeprizes.A.whatB.asC.whoD.which【解析】C考查定语从句。根据句法,这是个分隔式定语从句,从句“________wonthefirstthreeprizes”缺少主语,先行词“Allthestorytellers”指人,所以用关系代词who或that,且不能省略。专题十│新题预测()7.Westayedinaquiethotel,________.A.nexttoitwasathickwoodB.nexttowhichwasathickwoodC.nexttoittherewasathickwoodD.nexttowhichathickwoodwas【解析】B考查定语从句和倒