限定性与非限定性定语从句

•1Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacher.•2Heisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacher•注意:定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的一致性。•3Hehastwosons,lookslikehim.•4Hehastwosons,andlookslikehim.•注意:定语从句与并列结构。waswereneitherofwhomneitherofthem例1:He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。Ａ例2:Icanthinkofmanycases________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where析:manycases意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。Ｄ例3:Herillnesswillnotdeveloptothepoint________nomedicinecancureher.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.as析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。Ａ关系代词that和which•1Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolen.•归纳:1先行词为不定代词everything，little,much，all，anything，nothing用that。•2ThisisthebestbookI’veeverread.•3ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.•归纳:2先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。•4Allcanbedonehasbeendone.•Ihavereadallthebooksyougaveme.归纳:3先行词被all,any,no,little,much,some,every修饰时用thatthat(that)thatthatthat•6ThisistheverydictionaryIwanttobuy.•7Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingheowned.归纳:４.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。8Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorywehavelearned?归纳:5先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。9YesterdayIcaughttwofishandtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwoarestillalive.归纳:6当先行词为数词时,用that。thatthatthatthat•10Whoisthemanisstandingthere?•11WhichistheT-shirtfitsmemost?•归纳:7当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时,用that。•12There'sstillaseatinthecornerisstillfree.•归纳:8主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。thatthatthat•归纳:关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换,但是下面情况只能用that.1先行词为不定代词everything，little,much，all，anything，nothing。2先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。3先行词被all,any,no,little,much,some,every修饰时４先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。5先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。6当先行词为数词时,用that。7当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时,用that。8主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；与先行词之间不能用逗号分开;Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。•China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A.做宾语时可省略B.可用that,whyC.可用who代替whomA.做宾语时不可省略B.不用that,whyC.不用who代替whom•限制性定语从句举例：•(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.•非限制性定语从句举例：•(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.•要注意区分以下几个句子的不同•(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.•他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）•(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.•他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）1Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.2YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.3MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.4Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhomFillintheblanks1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.•1.Herbag,sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.•2.Thisisthering，shespent1000dollars.•3.XiaoWang,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.•常见的不可拆开的短语:carefor,lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,hearfrom/of/about,•getthrough,dealwith,inwhichonwhichwithwhom2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom.•3当先行词为前面的整个主句时，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。••HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,greatlyupsetsme.•他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,iscalledevaporation.•液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。whichwhich•关系代词as和which引导的定语从句•as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：•1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。•Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.•2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思•(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.•(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.•(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.•(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.•注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.3.先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,as…as结构，(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(两件相似的东西)•4as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有•asiswellknown/isknowntoall•asissaidbefore•asweallcansee•asisexpected/hoped/supposed,.众所周知如前所述正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的5当非限定性定语从句的谓语为beknown(said,announced,reported,expected)等被动形式时，常用as引导WashingtonwasthefatherofAmerica,isknowntoall.as3.Hekeepsarecordofeverything____hehadseenthere.A.heB.thatC.whichD.what4.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____aredifferentfromours.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whomAB5.MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity____hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whatA6.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_____Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.thatD10.Thisistheveryfilm____I’velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom11.Thereisnodifficulty____can’tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatAB12.Whoistheperson__