Lesson10 The Trial That Rocked the World 课文详解

1.buzz:anoiseofalowhum,lowconfusedwhisper2.sweltering:veryhot,causingunpleasantness,torrid,sultry3.counsel:agroupofoneormorelawyers(barristers)actingforsomeoneinacourtoflawThejudgeaskedcounselforthedefencetoexplainhispoint.Counselareagreed.cf:council:agroupofpeopleappointedorelectedtomakelaws,rules,ordecisionsTheGeneralSecretaryoftheUNSecurityCouncilthePremieroftheStateCouncilcouncillor:amemberofacouncilcounsellor(AmEcounselor):a.(AmE)lawyerb.adviserabeautycounsellor;amarriageguidancecounsellor4.prosecution:theactofbringingacriminalchargeagainstsb.inacourtoflaw5.silver-tongued:(lit.)abletogivefinepersuadingspeeches,eloquent6.orator:agoodpublicspeaker,apersonwhodeliversanoration(formalandsolemnpublicspeeches)7.nominee:apersonwhohasbeennominated,whohasbeennamedofficiallyforelectiontoaposition,office,honour,etc.aNobelPrizenominee/apresidentialnominee8.bringabout:causeScientistshavebroughtaboutgreatchangesinourlives.9.involve:tocausesb.tobecomeconnectedorconcernedDon'tinvolveotherpeopleinyourmistakes.Weareallinvolved,whetherwelikeitornot.10.testify:tomakessolemnstatement,esp.underoathinacourtoflaw,ofwhatistrueThewitnessestestify/giveevidenceinthelawcourt.Onewitnesstestifiedthathe'sseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.Thestolengoodsinhishometestifiedtohisguilt.11.onhand:available,present,cf:withinreach:thedistanceonecanreach;athand:nearintimeorplaceAlwayshaveyourdictionaryonhand/withinreach/athandwhenyoustudy.Pleasebeonhandat12sharp.Ihaveagreatdealofimportantworkonhand.Allhisoldfriendswillbeonhand/presenttoseeJackreceivethemedalofhonour.Iwantyoutobeathand/nearduringmyinterviewwiththebossofthecompany.Thepostofficeiscloseathand.12.reassure:comfortandmakefreefromfear,stopworryingoftenbysayingsth.kindorfriendlyThedoctorreassuredthesickmanabouthishealth.Shewon'tbelieveitinspiteofallourreassurance.cf:assure:trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth.;promiseThecaptainassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.13.erupt:(ofavolcano)toexplodeandpouroutfireHere,emerge,happenquickly,comedownuponunexpectedlyandviolently;Iwassuddenlyengulfedbythewholeaffair.14.adhereto:tofavourstronglyandremainwith,befaithfultoanidea,opinion,andbelief,etc.;stickfirmlyto;toholdorsupportThewallpaperwon'tadheretotheceiling.Theyadheretothecontract.Heresolutelyadheredtowhathehadsaidatthemeeting.adheretothefourcardinal/fundamentalprinciplesADHEREusuallyimpliesdeliberateorvoluntaryacceptance,asofthecreedofachurch,theplatformofapoliticalparty,orthedoctrinesofaphilosopher.Helikedacertainorderinhislife,whenhehadmadeaplan,helikedtoadheretoit.Persist:tocontinuefirmlyinspiteofoppositionorwarning.Thiswordimpliesavirtue.Itmoreoftensuggestsadisagreeableorannoyingquality,foritstressesstubbornnessmorethancourageorpatienceandfrequentlyimpliesoppositiontoadvice,disapproval,orone'sownconscience.persistinworkingwhenillpersistindoing/*adheretodoingIfyoupersistinmisbehaving,you'llbepunished.Persist:vi,tocontinuetoexistThebadweatherwillpersistalloverthecountry.Thesmellpersistedevenafterwecleanedtheroom.insist:a.todeclarefirmly(whenopposed),b.toorderHeinsistedonwritingatonce.Heinsistedthatshe(should)bepresent.adhesive:substancesuchasaglue.15.prohibit:toforbid,toban,usedlonginreferencetolaws,regulationsthatittendstoconnoterestraintsimposedforthegoodofallorforthesakeoforderlyprocedure.toprohibitthemanufactureandsaleofintoxicatingliquors/pornographicliteratureorvideotapes/prostitution/visitingprostitutes/smokinginpublicplaces,etc.cf:FORBIDismoredirectandfamiliar,whilePROHIBITismoreformalorofficial;theydonotwidelydifferintheiressentialimplications,fortheybothimplytheexerciseofauthorityortheexistenceofconditionswhichpreventwithsimilarimperativeness.However,FORBIDcarriessostrongaconnotationofexpectedobediencethatitispreferredwhentheorderisthatofoneinauthority(asaparent,amaster,anemployeroraphysician).toforbidachildtoleavethehouse.Hishealthforbadetheuseoftobacco.16.violate:todisregardoractagainststh.solemnlypromised,acceptedasrightTheactressviolatedthetermsofhercontract.ThisisconsideredasaviolationoftheConstitution.Ifyouviolatesomeone'sprivacyorpeace,youdisturbit.17.legality:theconditionofbeinglawful;lawfulnessThelegalityofthisactionwillbedecidedbythecourt.18.indict:toindictsb.foracrimemeanstochargethemwithitofficiallyFivemenwerecaughtatthesceneandindicted.cf:ACCUSE,CHARGEThesethreewordsdenoteincommontodeclareapersonguiltyofafaultoroffence.WhileACCUSEistypicallyimmediateandpersonal,CHARGEfrequentlyconnotesseriousnessintheoffenceandformalityinthedeclaration.OnemayACCUSEabystanderoftryingtopickone'spocket.ThatisanACCUSATIONwhichmaybecomeaformalCHARGEbeforeamagistrate.OnemayalsoACCUSEamanOFcheatingwhichonepersonallyresents.OneCHARGEamanWITHcheatingwhichisanexampleofbreakingtherulesofagame.INDICTaddstoCHARGEinlegalcontexttheimplicationofaformalconsiderationoftheevidencebyagrandjuryandtheimplicationofadecisionthattheaccusedpersonshouldbecalledtotrial.OneINDICTSamanFORtheft.TOPROSECUTEsb.FORtheftisforalawyertorepresentincourtthepersonwhoisbringingacriminalchargeagainstsb.19.anti