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1．表示原因1）Therearethreereasonsforthis．2）Thereasonsforthisareasfollows．3）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat．．．4)Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...，firstly....secondly...，lastbutnotleast(finally)...5)Therearemany(different/several)reasonsforthischange(decrease/growth)of...Foronething，...Foranother，....，Inaddition，...6).Thechiefreasonwhy...isthat...2．表示好处1）Ithasthefollowingadvantages．2）Itbenefitsusquitealot．3）Itisofgreatbenefittous．例如：Booksarelikefriends．Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter，andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons．Therefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous．3．表示坏处1）Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages．例如：However，everythingdividesintotwo．Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous．Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision．4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）forsb．todosth．2）Wethinkitnecessarytodosth．3）Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife．例如：Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere，whetherinthegovernment，inschoolsorinbusiness．Soon，computerswillbefoundineveryhome，too．WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge．5．表示措施1）Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures．2）Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficulties．3）Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth．4）Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted（faced）with．例如：Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious．Therefore，wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit．6．表示变化1）Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears．2）Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld’scommunications．3）Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation．例如：Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears．Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek．Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein，andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins．7．表示事实、现状1）Wecannotignorethefactthat．．．2）Noonecandenythefactthat．．．3）Thereisnodenyingthefactthat．．．4）Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin．5）However，that’snotthecase．例如：Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution．Tosolvetheseproblems，wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollution．Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment．8．表示比较1）ComparedwithA，B．．．2）IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV．3）Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem．例如：Comparedwithcars，bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable．Firstly，theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum．Secondly，theydonotcausethepollutionproblem．Lastbutnotleast，theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise．9．表示数量1）Ithasincreased（decreased）from．．．to．．．2）Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased（decreased）to800，000．3）TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15％comparedwiththatofJanuary．4).Ithasincreasedbythreetimesascomparedwiththatof19985).Thereisanincreaseof20%intotalthisyear.6).Itwouldbeexpectedtoincrease5times.7).Thetableshowsathreetimesincreaseoverthatoflastyear.8).Itwasdecreasedtwicethanthatoftheyear1996.9).Thetotalnumberwasloweredby10%.10).Comparedwith1997，itfellfrom15to10percent.11).Thenumberis5timesasmuchasthatof1995.例如：Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard，theproportionofpeople’sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased．再如：Fromthegraphlistedabove，itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000。10．表示看法1）Peoplehave（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudestowardssth．2）Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem．3）Peopletakedifferentviewsof（on）thequestion．4)Somepeoplebelievethat．．．Othersarguethat．．．5).Inmyopinion，thispointofviewdoesn’tholdwater.6).Wehavenoreasontobelievethat...7).Othersmayfindthistobetrue，butIbelievethat...8).PerhapsIwillquestionwhy...9).Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis，butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...10).Itwouldbereasonabletotaketheviewthat...，butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...11).Thereisinfactnoreasonforustobelievethat...12).Whatthesepeoplefailtoconsideristhat...13).WonderfulasAis，however，ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo12．表示结论1）Inshort，itcanbesaidthat．．．2）Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows．3）Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthat．．．例如：Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthatexaminationisnecessary，however，itsmethodshouldbeimproved．13．套语1）It’swellknowntousthat．．．2）Asisknowntous，．．．3）Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout．4）Fromthegraph（table，chart）listedabove，itcanbeseenthat．．．5)Astheproverbsays...(Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.../Generallyspeaking，.../Itisoftensaidthat...)6).Withthe(rapidly)growingpopularityofInternetsurfing(computers/cars/mobilephones/pagers/.PDPtelevision/...)inChina，thequalityofourlivesisimprovingforthebetter.7).Withthe(rapid)growthofoureconomy(heavyindustries/transportationsystem/marketeconomy/population/privateenterprises/housingindustry/...)，anincreasingnumberofproblems，suchas(watershortages/trafficjams/industrialpollution/wasteofenergy/desertspreading/...)，arebeginningtosurface.8).Thereisawidespreadconcer