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句子成分与句子结构Revision练习：请找出下列句子的成分。1.TheboycomesfromAmerica.2.Hisparentsareteachers.3.Shehandedhimabook.4.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.5.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.主语谓语宾语主语系动词表语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语宾语状语状语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语定语了解英语句子的成分，掌握英语句子的结构，是英语阅读和写作的必备基础，不但有助于正确理解英语句子的意思，而且也是写出正确英语句子的前提。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有________，次要成分有________________________________________________。主语和谓语表语、定语、宾语、状语、补足语和同位语名词代词数词不定式动名词the+形容词从句主语表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事；主语是谓语动作的执行者。1.Thesunrisesfromtheeast.（）2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（）3.Twoplustwoisfour.（）4.Toreadmorebooksgivesmemorehelp.（）5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.()6.Theyoungarefondofsports.（）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecidedyet.（）2.谓语：谓语说明主语发生的动作、行为或处于的状态，分简单谓语和复合谓语。由动词充当，要注意动词类别。比如：及物与不及物、连系动词、情态动词、使役动词、感官动词等。另外，谓语还要注意考查时态及语态，主谓一致等。1.Soapyenjoyedhimselfintherestaurant.2.Hecan’tgetthenon-smokingsectionbecauseheisalittlelate.练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？1.Hisparentsareteachers.1.areteachers，系动词+表语。2.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.rises，不及物动词。3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.havefinished,助动词+动词的过去分词。4.Yououghttoworkharder.oughttowork,情态动词+动词原形。5.Ifeltcold.5.feltcold,连系动词+表语。6.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.6.doesn’tlike,助动词+动词原形。系动词是表示人或事物身份、状态、性质的动词,如：be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。3.表语常见的连系动词有:be,become,get,turn,grow,go,look,appear,seem,remain,keep,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove…一个be(am,is,are,was,were)两个似appear,seem三个保持keep,stay,remain四个变go,get,turn,become五个感官look,sound,smell,taste,feel还有fall与grow不能漏。prove证明是,turnouttobe结果是，原来是练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词，还是表语从句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.onthedesk,介词短语。2.Thebookisn’tmine.mine,名词。3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.yellow,形容词。4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.apoliceofficer,名词。5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.thatweshouldstartatonce,表语从句。6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.toleaveatonce,不定式短语。7.Hisspeechwasboring.boring，现在分词。8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.excited，过去分词。宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me,her等),或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语,间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做,直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下,宾语都在动词后面,顺序是：主语-谓语-宾语。1.我想要本书。______________________2.请不要讲话。______________________3.我们非常尊重他。____________________4.我发现学好英语很重要。5.我们认为起床迟不好。Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.6.Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.Iwantabook.Pleasestoptalking.WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Werespecthimverymuch.it形式宾语,宾语从句thatheshouldhavedonethat作真正的宾语。当句子的宾语为___________、___________、或_________时,常用形式宾语it,以保持句子的平衡。不定式短语动名词短语宾语从句请看下面的句子。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirwallwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Wesawherenteringtheroom.5.IheardhersinginganEnglishsong.6.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.7.Nobobynoticedhimentertheroom.宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。四、宾语补足语Guilinisabeautifulcity.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadviceanddomoreexercises.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclass.Itisafinedaytoday.Thisisaswimmingpool.Thisisamovingfilm.Pleasebringmesomeboiledwater.ThisistheboywhoisfromAmerica.定语用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。状语：用来修饰动词、副词、形容词或句子，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等常用副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。Heisrunningfast.Weshouldsleepwithwindowsopen.Beingill,hedidn’tgototheoffice.Givenmoretime,I’lldoitbetter.Inordertogotocollege,heworkshard.简单句的基本成分的修饰语:1.定语：即用来修饰句子的主语、宾语(名词或代词)的单词、短语或从句2.状语：即用来修饰句子的谓语(及物动词、不及物动词或短语）或整个句子的成分（单词、短语或从句）。简单句的扩展成份/简单句的主语、宾语(名词或代词)可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，谓语(及物动词、不及物动词或短语）也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。附属成分定语1.Johnwenttowardsahospitalslowly.2.Johnoftencametochatwithme．3.Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.4.Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.1.PoorJohnwenttowardsahospitalnearby．2.Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?3.Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.4.Peoplethat/whowanttobehealthylikesports.状语exercises二、读下面句子，然后划分句子成分，并判断句子类型。1）Abirdcanfly.Winteriscoming.Heworksinabigcompany.句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V)不能直接接宾语，接宾语要加介词;没有被动语态2)Ilikepopularmusic.HebeganlearningEnglish.Sheknowswhattodonext.句型：主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)3）HeteachesusEnglish.Fatherboughtmeanewbicycle.Thisgaveusgreatencouragement.句型：主语+及物动词+间宾(人）+直宾(物）(S+V+IO+DO)4)Theywon’tletmego.Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wefoundthebookinteresting.句型：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)5）TheweatherisverycoldShefelthappy.Hebecameadoctor.句型：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)(一）判断下列句子的类型：1.Thetimepassedquickly.2.Mobilephonesareuseful.3.UncleLeeboughtmeabirthdaypresent.4.Thedishtastesdelicious.5.Iheardmybrothershoutingloudly.6.Wehaveplantedalotoftreesinandaroundourschool.S+VS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+PS+V+O+CS+V+O三、巩固练习主语+谓语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间宾+直宾主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语主+谓语+宾语（二）Translatethefollowingsentences.•你应当努力学习。•这部电影很乏味。•我的堂妹正在做数学作业。•王叔叔给他的儿子买了一本英汉字典。•他们不允许人们在候客室抽烟。1.你应当努力学习。2.这部电影很乏味。3.我的堂妹正在做数学作业。4.王叔叔给他的儿子买了一本英汉字典。5.他们不允许人们在候客室抽烟.Youshouldstudyhard.Thisfilmisratherboring.Mycousinisdoingmathsexercises.Uncl