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Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.一．短语动词(verbphrases)1.现代英语中，动词之后加介词或副词构成短语，表达一种特定的含义，称为短语动词。短语动词如果被拆开，则不能表达这种特定的含义。同学们在学习过程中，要把这些习惯用法看作一个整体。如：look看lookfor寻找、寻求lookafter照顾、照看lookout小心、注意在这个例子中，我们清楚的看到，look的后面加上不同的介词或副词，意义截然不同。因此，对于短语动词，我们要善于积累、巩固。2.动词短语的构成：（1）动词+副词（宾语是代词时，只能放在中间；宾语是名词时，既可以放在中间，也可以放在后面。）常见的有：putup,callup,setup,fixup,getup,lookup,makeup,pickup,takeup,cleanup,cheerup,puton,turnon,takeoff,turnoff,putoff,giveout,workout,findout,giveaway,runaway等。（2）动词+介词（必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：lookafter,lookfor,lookat,breakinto,thinkof,laughat,listento,arriveat等（3）动词+副词+介词（必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：lookdownupon,lookforwardto,comeupwith等(4)动词+名词+介词（必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：takecareof,payattentionto,havealookat等(5)be+形容词+介词（必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：befondof,beusedto,begoodat,beangrywith,beafraidof,bestrictwith等二动词不定式用法小结1.做宾语。常跟在动词begin,want,remember,forget,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,refuse,expect,need,hope,wish,seem,promise,plan,volunteer或短语wouldlike,can’twait后作宾语。Doyouagreetogotherebyair?Allofuswants______(get)goodgrades.Heneeds_____(take)breaksawayfromtheTV.2.作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，构成“v.+sb./sth.+todo”结构：此类动词常见的有：tell,ask,want(wouldlike),like,invite,help,expect,wish,advise,allow等。eg:EvenTony’sgranddaughter,afive-year-oldgirl,askedhimtogiveupsmoking.甚至托尼的孙女----一个五岁的小女孩叫她戒烟。3.作状语。(1)目的状语.Tocatchtheearlybus,Igotupat5:00.为了赶上早班车，我早晨五点就起床了。(2)原因状语.用在某些表示人的心情(喜、怒、哀、乐等)的形容词后表原因，如：happy,glad,pleased,sad,sorry,sure等。I’msadtohearthat.听到那件事后我很伤心。4.作后置定语。常放在名词或不定代词之后。(1)Thisisagoodplacetotakeavacation.这是一个度假的好地方。(2)Ineedsomethingtodrink，Iamsothirsty.我需要一些喝的东西，我是如此的渴。（3）Ineedaroomtolivein.我需要一间居住的房间。5.作主语结构：(1)It’s+n+todo(2)It’s+adj+of/forsbtodoIt’smyjobtoteachEnglish.教英语是我的工作。It’shappytohelpothers.帮助别人是令人开心的。6.作表语Mydreamjobistobeadoctor.我的理想工作是成为一个医生。三．重点短语1.Clean-UpDay清洁日2.cleanup打扫(或清除)干净3.visitthesickkids看望生病的孩子4.cheerup(使)变得更高兴cheerthemup使他们高兴5.giveout=handout分发giveoutfood分发食物,散发食物6.atthefoodbank在食品发放站7.inanafter-schoolstudyprogram在课后学习班8.volunteertodosth自愿做某事9.comeupwith=thinkup想出；提出10.writedown写下putoff推迟;延迟11.makeaplan制订计划putoffmakingaplan推迟制订计划12.putup搭建;举起;张贴putupsigns张贴标语13.makesomenotices制作一些公告牌14.handout分发;散发;发给（反义词：handin上交）handoutnotices分发通知单15callup打电话;召集16.onlytwoweeksfromnow离现在仅仅两周的时间17.inanoldpeople’shome在养老院18.helpsb.outwithsth.帮助某人解决困难readthenewspapertotheoldpeople给老人读报纸19.usedtodo/be…过去常常做…;曾经是…20.be/feellonely感觉孤独的21.carefor=lookafter=takecareof关心;照顾22.gethisfuturedreamjob得到他的未来的理想职业23.learnabout了解24.livealone独自居住25.astrongfeelingofsatisfaction一种强烈的满足感26.thelookofjoy喜悦的表情27.attheageof+数字=when+主语+was/were+数字(+yearsold)在......岁时28.tryout试用;试行tryoutfor…参加……选拔29.sitinthelibrary坐在图书馆goonadifferentjourney经历一次不同的旅行30.adreamcometrue梦想成真31.dowhatIlovetodo做我所喜欢做的事情32.atthesametime同时workfor为……工作；为……效力33.bebusywithsth.忙于某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事34.beworriedabout担心，焦虑35.makelotsofmoney挣很多钱36.agoodwaytodosth做某事的一个好方法37.raisemoneyfor..捐款给……,给……筹钱38.stopdoingsth停止正在做的事stoptodo停下去做某事39.travelalone独自旅行40.inone’sfreetime在业余时间41.fixup=repair修理42.giveaway赠送43.takeafter=besimilarto与……相似（外貌,行为或性格）looklike看起来像……(强调外貌)belike像……(强调性格，品德)44.brokenbicycleparts破的自行车部件45.writethelettertosb.写信给某人46.givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物47.setup建立thanksbforsth/doingsth因某事或做某事而谢谢某人48.makeabigdifferenceto对……带来很大的影响49.normalthings正常的事情imaginedoingsth.想象做某事50.answerthetelephone接电话51.afriendofmine我的一个朋友a/an+n.+形代/名词所有格eg.afriendofTom’s汤姆的一个朋友52.aspecialtraineddog一条经过特别训练的狗53.beexcitedabout对……感到激动54.beabletodo能够做某事55.adoghelper一个动物助手56.becauseofyourkindness因为你的善良57.atonce=rightaway立即、马上58.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.送某物给某人59.showyousth.给你看某物showsth.tosb.=showsbsth给某人看某物60.bestwishes最佳的祝福61.changemylife改变我的生活62.disabledpeople残疾人63.sbbeinterestedinsth某人对某物感兴趣64.askforsb/sth要某人或某物65.workout计算出，解决（困难）workoutfine起作用，有效果66.acall-incenterforparents一条家长热线综合测试题一.单项选择（每小题1分，共20分）()1.Therewassomethingwrongwithhiscarandherepairedit______himself.A.onB.toC.byD.with()2.Theuseofcomputersmakes______possibleformorepeopletoworkathome.A.itB.thatC.thisD.one()3.AfterIwasangrywithher,Ihada(n)______feelingthatshewasnotcomingback.A.popularB.strongC.illD.wonderful()4.LiuJingvolunteersherweekend______peopleintrouble.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped()5.Iusedto______letterstomyparents,butnowIamusedto______Wechat(微信).A.write;useB.writing;usingC.writing;useD.write;using()6.Ilovemyjob,soformejob______ismoreimportantthanmoney.A.discussionB.satisfactionC.preparationD.prediction()7.TianFangisn’ta______nurse,sonowsheisreceivingaweek’s______inahospital.A.trained;trainB.training;trainingC.training;trainD.trained;training()8.Myclockdoesn’twork.I’mgoingto______.A.fixitupB.fixupitC.cheeritupD.cheerupit()9.Teachersusually______thepaperstenminutesbeforetheexam．A.tryoutB.bringoutC.giveoutD.findout()10.ThetouristfromLondoncouldhardly______livinginsuchapoorvillage.A.imagineB.wonderC.promiseD.agree()11.LiGangwillhaveahousewarmingparty.Heexpectshisfriends______onSaturday.A.toarriveB.toarrivingC.arriveD.arrived()12.Shefeels______nowbecauseallherkidshavelefthome.A.friendlyB.lonelyC.successfulD.understanding()13.Sheish