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Lesson3AtWarwiththePlanetBarryCommonerWarm-upquestions•Whataresomefactorsthreateningtheenvironment?•Haveyoudoneanythingthatisharmfultotheenvironmentinyourdailylife?somethreateningfactors•Populationgrowth•Globalwarming•DepletionoftheOzoneLayer(ozonehole)•HabitatDestructionandSpeciesExtinction(deforestation,desertification,duststorm,mudslide,flood,drought,etc.)•AirPollution(acidrain)•WaterPollution•GroundwaterContamination•ChemicalRisks(useofchemicalfertilizer)•EnergyProduction(nuclearenergy)OzoneLayerHole•Ozoneisagasthatblocksharmfulultravioletsunlight.Industrialchemicalsreleasedintotheatmospherehavecausedozonetobreakdown.Lowlevelsofozoneareshowninblue.GullyErosion(沟状侵蚀)•asevereformofsoilerosion,•greatlyacceleratedbyhumanactivitiessuchasurbanization,deforestation,overgrazingofcattle,etc.astheyremovetheremainingsoil.•DepletionofundergroundwatercausedbydeforestationDeforestation•Widespreaddeforestationarecausedbyhumanactivities,suchascommerciallogging,agriculture,mining,andoilexploration,etc.AcidRain•causedbythecombinationofsulfurdioxideandnitrogencompounds•rainwithaverylowph.Normally,rainwaterhasaphof6.5,makingitslightlyacidic.However,withtheadditionofsulfurandnitrogencompounds,thephofrainwatermaydroptoaslowas2.0or3.0,makingitdangerouslyacidic.•chemicallyburnstheleavesofplants,poisonslakewater,killsmostoftheaquaticinhabitants.ForestDamagedbyAcidRainSometermsinthislesson•Ozonelayer•Globalwarming•Solarradiation/energy•Ultravioletlight•Carcinogenicsyntheticpesticides•Microorganism•Photosynthesis•Fossilfuels•Organiccompounds•bacteriaandmolds•algae•Carbondioxide•臭氧层•全球变暖•太阳辐射•紫外线•致癌的合成杀虫剂•微生物•光合作用•化石燃料•有机合成物•细菌和真菌•藻类•二氧化碳Outlineofthetext•Para.1:whatarethetwoworlds?•theme:thetwoworldsareatwar•Paras.2-5:whyarethetwoworldsatwar?•Paras.6-14:thetwoworldsaregovernedbydifferentlaws•Paras.15-16:consequenceofincompatibilitybetweenthetwoworlds•Paras.17-21:theissueshouldbeunderstoodintermsoftheirinterplay•Paras.22-23:howtosolvetheconflictbetweenthetwoworldsQuestionsforParas.1-4•Howwastheresponsibilitydivided?Whatisthepresentsituationconcerningthisresponsibility?•Whyistheimageoftheearthmisleading?•Canyounamesomeotherharmfuleffectsthathumanexertontheenvironment?•Paras.1-2•Whatare“thetwoworlds”?•Someexamplesaboutthetwoworlds?•Paras.3-4Paras.1-2•exempta.relieve,free免除的•breachv.tobreakalaw,promise,agreementorrelationship违背，违反•unwittinga.unintentional不知情的，无意的•portendv.towarnthatsth.badislikelytohappeninthefuture预兆（坏事的发生）•exertv.puttouse运用•fluctuatev.tomoveorsway摇动•Infolklore,thesorcerer’sapprenticeaccidentallyfloodedsorcerer’shousebecausehelearnedtomakeabroomfetchwaterbutnothowtomakeitstop.Sorcerer’sApprentice魔法师的门徒EarthPortraittakenfromspaceParas.3-4•mundanea.ordinary普通的•fleecya.(offabrics)havingsoftnapproducedbybrushing羊毛似的，起绒的•overta.open,obvious明显的；公然的•esoterica.mysteriousorbeyondunderstanding神秘的；难懂的•residuen.somethingleftafterotherpartshavebeentakenaway残留物•noxiousa.harmfulordangerous有毒的，有害的•nichen.asmallconcavity小凹陷处•radioactivityn.thespontaneousemissionofastreamofparticlesorelectromagneticraysinnucleardecay辐射，放射线Exercises•___theagreementtheyhadmadewiththeiremployer•the___victimsofadrugsdealer•earthquakeswereusedtobebelievedto___theendoftheworld.•___tasksaseatingordrinking•___criticism•___religiousteachings•exposedtohighlevelsof___•mundane•radioactivity•breach•overt•unwitting•esoteric•portendmundaneesotericunwittingbreachradioactivityovertportendPhrasesandexpressions•befreeof/fromwithoutsth.•beexemptfromnotaffectedbysth.•onaplanetary/large/small/globalscale以......程度/规模•tamperwithtointerferewith•becomeaccustomedtobeusedtosth.Para.5•Howdothetwoworldsinteractwitheachother?•Aviciouscycle:•Thetechnospherealterstheecosphere•Thealteredecospherethreatensthetechnosphere•Conclusion:thetwoworldsareatwar.•grandiosea.impressivebecauseofunnecessarylargenessorgrandeur;usedtoshowdisapproval;enormous宏伟的；巨大的•bountifula.sufficient足够的•instigatev.toarouse煽动，引起•counterattackn.areturnedattackagainst反击Exercises•___plans/ideasformakingmoney•Bothsidesaccuseeachotherof___thefighting.•TheRepublicanshavelaunchedastrong___againsttheDemocrats.•___plants/system•Theytendtoregardpeopleonwelfareas___s.•parasite•counterattack•instigating•aquatic•grandioseaquaticparasitegrandioseinstigatingcounterattacklawsgoverningthetwoworlds•Lawsoftheecosphere•①everythingisconnectedtoeverythingelse(Para.6)•②everythinghastogosomewhere(Para.10)•③natureknowsbest:aconservativenetwork(Para.12)•Lawsofthetechnosphere•①man-madeobjectsarehardlysuitabletotheirhabitat(Para.7—9)•②itisdominatedbylinearprocessesratherthananetwork(Para.11)•③arapidprocessofchangeandvariation(Para.13)Para.6Thefirstlawofecology•Afishisaparent/ahabitat/afish/aproducer/aprey/aconsumer•conclusion:thefishissuitableinthenetwork•Example:Whatisthemultifunctionofafishinanaquaticecosystem?•elaboratea.complicated详细的；复杂的•parasiten.寄生虫•existentiallyad.inthelivingfactofcase存在地•precedev.tohappenorappearpriortosth.先于…出现Thefirstlawoftechnosphere•Examples(Paras.7-9):•①cars(Paras.7-8)•②farms:theapplicationofchemicalfertilizer(P