上课用定语从句

（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。e.g.（1）这是我正在找的手表。（2）那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking(误)Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）2．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：e.g.（1）Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.（2）Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.（3）Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.（4）Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语：“…的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whom注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（含意：她还有其他哥哥）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（含意：她只有一个哥哥）2.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（含意：不带插图的书则不一定写得好）Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（含意：没有不带插图的书）1.____isknowtoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(2000)A．whoB．whichC．thisD．whatBB3.我父母老把我当小孩看，这一点我不能忍受。Myparentstreatmeasababy,_________Ican’tbear.which四.定语从句易犯错误1.先行词方面Isthishousethatheusedtolivein?（改为：_________________）切记:先行词不可省略比较:Isthisthehousethatheusedtolivein?2.从句的判断错误①Helostthegame;whichmadeussad.（改为：________）②Hehastwosisters,oneofthemisateacher.（改为：________）house后加theoneitwhom有分号或连词时不是定语从句,是平行结构.3.关系词选择中易犯错误⑴what不用于定语从句Hepromisedtodoallwhathecould(do)tohelpme,butheatehiswords.（改为：_________________________）that或删去what(作的do宾语)allthat=what⑸以reason为先行词的定语从句①Canyougivemeareasonthatyouarelate?（改为：______）②CanyouacceptthereasonwhyIgiveyouformybeinglate?（改为：______）固定句型:thereasonthat/which-clausethereasonwhy-clause（从句为要解释的事）比较:Canyouaccepthisreasonthathewascaughtintherainforhisbeinglate?（同位语从句：表示具体内容）thatwhy⑹以way为先行词的定语从句Idon’tlikethewaywhichyouspeaktohim.（改为：________________）固定句型:①theway+clause②thewaythat-clause③thewayinwhich-clause不填/that/inwhich五.定语从句中关系代词做主语时的主谓一致。一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致ThestudentswhowereherejustnowarefromNo,2SeniorMiddleSchool.比较:Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.如果oneof+复数名词后跟有定语从句，一般情况下oneof后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有theonly,thevery,justthe修饰时，先行词则为one。Exercises•1.Isthistheshopsellschildren’sclothing.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what•2.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone•familywaspoor.A.ofwhichB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose•3.Allglittersisnotgold.A.thatB.whichC./D.what•4.Theonlylanguage____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whatB5.Everything_____Itouchedseemedtobefulloflife.A.thatB.whatC.allwhichD.allthat6.Theycomefromtheplace_____itiscoldand____itoftensnows.A.which...whichB.where...whereC.inthat...inthatD.how...How7.Thisistheplace_____Ispentmychildhood.A.whichB.thatC.whereD./8..Thisistheplace____Ivisitedlastsummer.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.inwhich9.Isthisbook____youboughttheotherday?AthatBtheoneCinwhichDwhere10.Thisistheverycomputer____weareanxioustoget.AwhatBwhichCthatDasABCABC11ThisisMrSmith,_____Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.AwhoBwhomCthatDas12Doyouknowthecomrade_____wearetalking?AtowhomBtowhoCwhomDthat13Who_____hasseenthefilmdoesn’tlikeit.AthatBwhoCwhichDas14Doyouknowthereason_____Macrefusedtospeakatthemeeting.AwhichBthatCforwhichDtowhich15Idon’tliketheway_____youlaughather.AonwhichBwhichCasDthatAAACD16Iusedtoliveinahouse,_____grewatalltree.AinfrontofitBinfrontofwhichCinthefrontofwhichDinfrontofthat17Iwillneverforgettheday_____IjoinedtheLeague.AwhichBwhenCinwhichDonthat18Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.AwhatBwhichCthatDit19Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.Athat,whichBwhen,whichCwhich,thatDwhen,whoBBBB19September18,1983istheday_____we’llneverforget.AonthatBwhenConwhichDthat20Whereisthewindow_____glassisbroken?AwhichBthatCwhoseDits21Mr.Herpeinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho_______inChina.AworksBisworkingCareworkingDhasbeenworking22Wevisitedafewfactories,___hadagoodmarkedathomeandabroad.A.theirproductsB.theseproductsC.thoseproductsD.theproductsofwhichDCCD