第二篇句法宾语从句复习要点1.宾语从句的主要类型2.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况(1)引导词(2)宾语从句的语序(3)宾语从句的时态(4)宾语从句的否定形式(5)宾语从句中的特殊情形TheObjectClause宾语从句宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词(连接词)+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序。宾语从句的主要类型宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?(宾语)Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.(定语)CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?(表语)Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.(状语)3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.难点链接宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况1.引导词①由陈述句变来的宾语从句,用连词that等引导,并且在口语中常常省略此词:e.g.Hesaid(that)hehadanewdictionary.Iknow(that)Lucycanplayfootballverywell.但是,如果that引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时,最后一个that不能省略。e.g.Iknow(that)TomcomesfromFranceandthatheteachesinamiddleschoolinGuilinnow.难点链接②由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句,用whether或if引导,并且两词可以互用。但是whether可以和ornot连用,而if不能。e.g.Iwanttoknowwhether(if)shestilllivesthere.Pleasetellmewhetheryoucancomeornot.③由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句,由特殊疑问词who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how等引导。e.g.Idon’tknowwhosebookitis.DoyouknowwhereourEnglishteacherlives?Theteacheraskedwhatwashappening.Hewantedtoknowwhyyoucanplaythepianosowell.难点链接2.宾语从句的语序1.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序,即是“主语在前,谓语在后”的顺序。e.g.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.Didyouknowwhat’sthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday?PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.难点链接2.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,应该用陈述句语序。具体如下:当助动词是does或did时,要去掉助动词,并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式;当是其它的助动词时,则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.g.IaskedTom,“Whatdoyoulikebest?”IaskedTomwhathelikedbest.Theteacheraskedme:“Haveyoureadthebook?”TheteacheraskedmeifIhadreadthebook.Heasked,“Whocancarrythebox?”Heaskedwhocouldcarrythebox.难点链接3.宾语从句的时态1.当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不作限制,我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。如:Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.当主句是一般过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。例如:Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时,就不用受到主句时态的限制,仍是用一般现在时态。例如:Hesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews.Iknowthatheisanexcellentstudent.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.难点链接4.宾语从句的否定形式一般而言,宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如:Idon’tthinkit’sgoingtorain.Idon’tbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?难点链接5.宾语从句中的特殊情形在把简单句变为复合句的练习中,千万要注意:1)句式的转变:若原句是祈使句,不能用宾语从句改写,而应该用“to”或“notto”的句式来连接。e.g.Don’topenthedoor.(用they作主语变为宾语从句)Theyaskednottoopenthedoor.2)代词的变化:如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时,我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g.“IcomefromCanada”,Lucysays.LucysaysthatshecomesfromCanada.难点链接3)若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,应该用陈述句语序。具体如下:当助动词是does或did时,要去掉助动词,并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式;当是其它的助动词时,则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.g.IaskedTom,“Whatdoyoulikebest?”→IaskedTomwhathelikedbest.Theteacheraskedme:“Haveyoureadthebook?”→TheteacheraskedmeifIhavereadthebook.Heasked,“Whocancarrythebox?”→Heaskedwhocouldcarrythebox.难点链接4)不能用if,只能用whether的四种情况:a.在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.b.直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.c.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.d.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.难点链接5)句型转换:由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词+动词不定式替代,进行句型上的转换。e.g.I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.→I’venoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?难点链接1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。3.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4.---Wedon’tknow_____________.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有C符合要求。例题解析5Couldyoutellme___?AMrs.KingwherelivesBwheredoesMrs.KingliveCwhereMrs.KinglivesDMrs.Kingliveswhere[答案]C.[析]宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。6-Canyoutellme___?-SureShe'sanurseAwhereisyoursisterBwhereyoursisterisCwhatisyoursisterDwhatyoursisteris[答案]D.[析]who问的是姓名,如:Whoishe?HeisSmith或HeismyfatherWhat问的是职业,如:Whatishe?/whatdoeshedo?Heisateacher.7Couldyoutellme___?AwhenthetrainwillarriveBwhenthetrainarrivedCwhendidthetrainarriveDwhendoesthetrainarrives[答案]A.[析]could用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉,并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。例题解析8-Couldyoutellme___?-Yes,They___tothelibraryAwherearethetwins,havebeenBwherewerethetwins,havebeenCwherethetwinsare,havegoneDwherethetwinswere,havegone[答案]C.[析]havebeento是去过什么地方,而现在回来了。havegoneto是到某地去了,人现在不在这里。9Idon'tknow___toreadthewordAwhichBwhatCwhoseDhow[答案]D.[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物动词,已有自己的宾语theword,所以