工程硕士学位论文基于光声光谱理论的变压器DGA技术的研究庞慧玉哈尔滨工业大学2007年12月国内图书分类号:TM407国际图书分类号:621.3工程硕士学位论文基于光声光谱理论的变压器DGA技术的研究硕士研究生:庞慧玉导师:赵学增申请学位:工程硕士学科、专业:机械工程答辩日期:2007年12月授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TM407U.D.C.:621.3DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringSTUDYONTECHNOLOGYOFDGAAPPLIEDINTRANSFORMERSBASEDONPHOTOACOUSTICSPECTROSCOPYTHEORYCandidate:PangHuiyuSupervisor:Prof.ZhaoXuezengAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterofEngineeringSpecialty:MechanicalEngineeringDateofOralDefence:December,2007Degree-Conferring-Institution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文摘要对油中溶解气体的分析是目前对充油电力设备进行绝缘监测的重要手段。本文在对国内外变压器油中溶解气体分子技术的各种优缺点的比较后,分析了将气体光声光谱检测技术应用于变压器油中溶解气体检测系统的优势,并介绍了光声光谱技术的历史背景,发展现状以及光声光谱技术的特点。本文采用电磁搅拌及鼓泡脱气技术的脱气方法作为系统的脱气方法,并对振荡脱气的计算公式进行了改进。不同于从波动方程推导光声信号的方法,本文从分子动能改变的角度简述了气体光声光谱检测气体浓度的原理,推导了光声信号的表达式,介绍了声压检出的原理,建立光声信号与光源强度、气体分子浓度关系的对应关系,为气体光声光谱检测方法应用于变压器DGA系统提供了理论基础。以二元气体成分分析为理论基础,通过分析氢气浓度对光声信号相移的影响,分析了光声光谱技术对变压器油中溶解的氢气进行检测的方法,并给出氢气浓度与光声信号相移的对应公式。基于气体光声光谱检测理论,本文构建了变压器DGA系统的理论模型。分析了六种故障气体的红外吸收谱线,讨论了故障气体的谱线交叉时为避免干扰所选择的检测波长,得到系统光源的工作波长范围;在对比非共振式光声池与共振式光声池的优缺点基础上,设计了一种适用于变压器DGA系统的非共振式的小体积光声池。昀后通过光声光谱仪与气相色谱在实验室条件下与在现场应用下的比对,分别对变压器油中溶解气体浓度很高、较高、较低的情况下进行了测量,分析了光声光谱仪应用于变压器油中溶解气体分析的误差产生原因,通过分析系统的各项性能参数,测量的数据表明了将光声光谱技术应用于变压器油中溶解气体分析是可行的。关键词油中溶解气体分析;油气分离;光声光谱;氢气-I-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文AbstractDGAisimportantmeansoftransformermaintenance.AssummarizingadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcurrentmethodsusedinDGAsystem,thisthesisanalyzedmainadvantageofphotoacousticspectrologyappliedinDGA.Meanwhile,thepaperintroducesthehistoricaldevelopmentsofphotoacousticspectroscopy,thenewachievementsinrecentyears,andthemainpointsofthetechnology.Basedonthemolecule’sstructureandthemolecule’sspectrumandinfraredspectrumstructureoffaultgases,thetheoryofgasdetectionusingphotoacousticeffectisdiscussed,whichincludedtheequationofphotonsabsorption,thegenerationofacousticenergy,promptingofacousticwave,andthedetectionofacousticwave.Therelationshipbetweengasconcentrationandvoltageoutputofmicrophoneisdeduced.AllthisbecomethefoundationofthedesignoftransformerDGAsystem.AmodelofDGAsystemisconstructedbasedonphotoacousticspectrology.Themovementformandabsorptionspectrumofsixkindsoffaultgasesmoleculeisanalyzedinthispaperinordertoconfirmworkwavelengthofthesystem,andthenthelamp-houseusedinthissystemisconfirmed.Aiminghighsensitivityatfaultgasdetectionrequirement,aftercomparingadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnon-resonantcellwithresonantcell,asmallvolume,non-reasonablecellwasconstructed,whichisadapttotransformerDGAsystem.Anexperimentalsystemwasestablishedatlast.AfterthecomparisonofphotoacouticinstrumentandGCinstrument,theexperimentdataprovedthepartialfeasibilityofDGAsystem.KeywordsDGA,gasextraction,photoacousticspectroscopy,hydrogen-II-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文目录摘要.........................................................................................................................IAbstract.......................................................................................................................II第1章绪论................................................................................................................11.1课题背景...........................................................................................................11.2国内外DGA技术比较....................................................................................21.2.1DGA技术的现状.......................................................................................21.2.2光声光谱技术应用于DGA的优势.........................................................31.3光声光谱技术的发展现状...............................................................................41.4课题的来源和意义...........................................................................................71.5课题的研究内容...............................................................................................7第2章气体分析系统基本原理................................................................................92.1油气分离方法...................................................................................................92.2振荡脱气方法计算公式.................................................................................112.3气体光声光谱检测原理.................................................................................112.3.1声压的产生..............................................................................................122.3.2声压的检出..............................................................................................142.4本章小结.........................................................................................................15第3章气体分析系统的设计..................................................................................163.1氢气的测量方法.............................................................................................163.2系统总体设计.................................................................................................203.3故障气体的吸收谱线.....................................................................................213.3.1单组分除氢气外的吸收谱线..................................................................213.4光声池设计及传声器选择..........