机器翻译方法的研究现状_史树敏

:2003-06-29:(1978-),,,.史树敏(内蒙古师范大学计算机与信息工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022)　:..:;;;;:TP391.2　　:A　　:1001--8735(2004)02--0165--05,,[1～3].,,.1　机器翻译方法,,.,,.,“”.(Rationalism),(Corpus-Based),(Statistics-Based)(Example-Based).,,;“”“”(Empiricism),,(Ruler-Based),,(Transfer-Based)(Interlingua-Based).,,、、.,[4,5].,、[6],.,.1.1　Chomsky,.,,().,,,.,、、,“、”,、、.,,,.,,.,,,,33220046内蒙古师范大学学报自然科学(汉文)版JournalofInnerMongoliaNormalUniversity(NaturalScienceEdition)Vol.33No.2June2004.1.2　.Weaver1947,“Onenaturallywondersiftheproblemoftranslationcouldconceivablybetreatedasaproblemincryptography.WhenIlookatanarticleinRussian,Isay:`thisisreallywritteninEnglish,butithadbeencodedinsomestrangesymbols.Iwillnowpro-ceedtodecoded'”[7].Weaver,,,,.IBMBrown,,.S,T,TS,TS.:S※※T.,S,;T,.HMM(),.S=max(P(S)P(TS)),P(S)S,,P(TS)ST,.3,P(S),P(TS),,.,.,,.,.1.3　(EBMT)(MakotoNagao)1985《TranslationbyAnalogy》,,,.:①,,;②,;③,;④,,.EBMT,,,.,,.,,EBMT,,.2080,,.、、、,,.,、、、,.Gale[8]Brown[9],Church[10].,,,,[11].,,,[12].,、.,.1.4　()Template-basedMT,Pattern-basedMT.,,:①;②..(),().,,·166·　　　()33　,;③;④,,,;⑤EBMT,,.,,,,.1.5　(FSA),,,/,.FSA,,,,.,Chomsky(),Chomsky(),HMM.1.6　MT,.RobertFrederking[13]1994,:①,,,;②chart,,chart;③,;④(chartwalk),.FujiRen,,,[14].,,,.,MT,.,,,;,,,;,[15],,.,,,,.,,,.,[16].2　机器翻译的技术难点,、、、,.[17,18]:(1)..,,,,,.,(WordSenseDisambiguation),,.,,、[19],,·167·　2:　　　Yarowsky《InternationalThesaurus》[20];Luk《OxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionary》[21].(2).,,.,,[22].,,,,,.(Grammat-icalategory),.[23,24].(3).、,.“/”“/”,.“,.,,,,“””[25].,,.(4).,[26].,,,,[27].,,,[28].,,50.,,,.,.,,;.,,,,.,,,,.“”[29],“”,.:[1]　JohnHutchins.TowardsanewvisionforMT[R].Introductoryspeechatthe“MTSummitⅧ”,2001.[2]　.[EB/OL].,fttp://tech.sina.com.cn/soft/2000-07-06/478.hml,2000-07-06.[3]　,.[A].20[C].:,2001.11.[4]　.[M].:,2001.[5]　,,.[A].:2002[C].:,2002.116-123.[6]　.[A].:2002[C].:,2002.15-18.[7]　.[M].:,2001.43.[8]　GaleW,ChurchK.Aprogramforaligningsentenceinbilingualcorpora[A].Proceedingsofthe29thAnnualMeetingoftheAssociationforComputationalLinguistics[C].Berkeley,CA,1991.177-184.[9]　BrownP,MercerR.AligningSentencesinParallelCorpora[A].Proceedingsofthe29thAnnualMeetingoftheAssociationforComputationalLinguistics[C].Berkeley,CA,1991.169-176.·168·　　　()33　[10]　ChurchK.Char-align:AprogramforaligningParalleltextsatthecharacterlevel[A].Proceedingsofthe31stAnnualMeet-ingoftheAssociationforComputationLinguistics[C].Columbus,Ohio,1993.1-8.[11]　,.[J].,2003,26(3):275-280.[12]　.[J].,2003,26(5):616-621.[13]　RobertFrederking,SergeiNirenburg.ThreeHeadsareBetterthanOne[A].ProceedingoftheFourthConferenceonAppliedNaturalLanguageProcessingStuttgart[C].Germany,1994.95-100.[14]　FujiRen,HongehiShi,ShingoKuroiwa.ANewMachineTranslationApproachUsingMultipleTranslationEnglishandSen-tencePartitions.Systems,Man,andCybernetics,2001[J].IEEEInternationalConference,2001,3:1699-1704.[15]　,.[A].:2002[C].:,2002.110.[16]　LuYa-juan,LiSheng,ZhaoTie-JuneAutomaticallyAcquiringChineseParsingKnowledgeBasedonaBilingualLanguageModel[J].ChineseJournalofComputers,2003,26(1):32-38.[17]　.、[A].,.[C].:,2002.206-210.[18]　,.[A].1998[C].:,1998.[19]　.[A].[C].:,1995.[20]　Yarowsky,David.DecisionListsforLexicalAmbiguityResolution:ApplicationtoAccentRestorationinSpanishandFrench[A].ACLeds.The32ndAnnualMeetingofAssociationforComputationalLinguistics[C].LasCruces,NM:ACL,1994.88-95.[21]　Luk,AlphaK.StatisticalSenseDisambiguationwithRelativelySmallCorporaUsingDictionaryDefinitions[A].ACLeds.The33rdAnnualMeetingofACL[C].Cambridge,Massachusetts,1995.181-188.[22]　.[M].:,2001.[23]　,,.[A].[C].:,1993.[24]　,.[M].,1997,8(12):937-943.[25]　.[A].:2002[C].:,2002.224-246.[26]　.[A].:2002[C].:,2002,1-6.[27]　.[A].:2002[C].:,2002.15-22.[28]　,.[A].:2002[C].:,2002,132-135.[16]　.[M].:,1994.APPROACHESOFMACHINETRANSLATIONSHIShu-min(CollegeofComputerandInformationEngineering,InnerMongoliaNormalUniversity,Huhhot010022,China)Abstract:Throughaanalysisofthedifficultiesandproblemsthatthemachinetranslationisfacingwith,thecharacteristicsandapplicabilityofmachinetranslationmethodsthatareoftenusedarediscussed.Keywords:naturallanguageprocessing;machinetranslationtechnology;translationmethod;characteris-tic;difficultypoint【责任编辑陈汉忠】·169·　2: