Introduction of SI, PI, and EMI

FoxconnConfidential–Page:1HonHaiPrecisionIndustryCo.,Ltd.IntroductionIntroductionofSI,PI,andEMIofSI,PI,andEMITEC/SIMULATIONFrankY.C.Pai(ext:511-3419)2010,3,9FoxconnConfidential–Page:2OutlineOutline•GeneralConcepts•SignalIntegrityIssues–SI–Timing–Jitter•PowerIntegrityIssues–PlaneEffects–DecouplingCapacitor–Lowfrequency–Highfrequency•EMIonBoard&SystemLevelFoxconnConfidential–Page:3Parallelvs.SerialParallelvs.SerialDriverReceiverDriverReceiverParallelTypeParallelTypeSerialTypeSerialTypeFoxconnConfidential–Page:4InterconnectInterconnect•PCBLevel–Trace•Microstrip•Stripline–Via•PTH•Blind/Burier–Connector•ICLevel–BGA–Wire-bonding–Trace–Via•ImpedanceControlFoxconnConfidential–Page:5SignalNets&PowerDeliverySystemSignalNets&PowerDeliverySystem•SignalNets–ComponentPlacement:Topology–TransmissionLineImpedanceControl–TerminationScheme•PowerDeliverySystem–LowandHighFrequencyImpedanceProfile–Self-ImpedanceandTransferImpedanceFoxconnConfidential–Page:6BlackMagicBlackMagic⎯⎯EMIEMI•Radiator,Path,andReceive•Radiator–ICPackage–PCB/Traces–PCB/Plane–Connectors•Path–Conductor⎯LowFrequency–Radiation⎯HighFrequency•Receive–AntennaFoxconnConfidential–Page:7SignalIntegrityIssuesSignalIntegrityIssues•SI–Crosstalk–Topology–SerpentineTrace–Cross-moat–Via–Bends–Termination–Eye-Diagram•Timing–CommonClock–SourceSynchronousFoxconnConfidential–Page:8CrosstalkCrosstalkNear-endFar-endMicrostripFoxconnConfidential–Page:9Crosstalk(Example)Crosstalk(Example)w/oDDR_MA3(Longest)FoxconnConfidential–Page:10TopologyTopologyReceiverDriver1Driver2Driver3Driver4Originaldesign(daisy-chain)Suggesteddesign(balanceddaisy-chain)FoxconnConfidential–Page:11CrossCross--MoatMoat•Cross-moatwillnotonlyinducetheimpedancediscontinuity,butalsomoreeffectsofpower/groundbounce60Ω60Ω130ΩImpedanceDiscontinuityPower/GroundBounce+FoxconnConfidential–Page:12MeshedGNDonFPCMeshedGNDonFPCConnectorCMOSMeshGNDonLayer3•MIPICLK:(CLKP/N)490MHz•MIPIData:(DATAP/N)980MbpsDataSignalWaveformimpactedbyCLKcrosstalkeffect!FoxconnConfidential–Page:13Via(1/3)Via(1/3)•Theviaisnotjusta“via”.•Propagationdelayofavia:3.4mil/ps•Inductanceandcapacitance⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛≈14ln08.5dhhLLength:inchL:nH1241.11DDTDCrvia−≈εLength:milL:nH⇒??FoxconnConfidential–Page:14Via(2/3)Via(2/3)•Viacouplingeffect•Theexcitationofplaneeffectaspower/groundbounce•ViaStubforhighspeedsignalFoxconnConfidential–Page:15Via(3/3)Via(3/3)•Impedancediscontinuity–ToControlviaimpedancebytuningtheLviaandCviavalues(adujsttheviastructure):FoxconnConfidential–Page:16BendsBends•90。,45。,RoundAngleFoxconnConfidential–Page:17Termination(1/2)Termination(1/2)FoxconnConfidential–Page:18Termination(2/2)Termination(2/2)•OverdrivenandunderdrivenZ0=50ΩRsRtUnder-drivenOver-drivenFoxconnConfidential–Page:19BufferStrengthBufferStrengthTestCasesCPU(MSM7225)MCP(Micron4G/2G)Original(O)Strength:011Strength:FullCase1(1)Strength:111Strength:FullCase2(2)Strength:000Strength:QuarterFoxconnConfidential–Page:20Timing(1/2)Timing(1/2)•CommonClockFoxconnConfidential–Page:21Timing(2/2)Timing(2/2)•SourceSynchronousDefinitionFoxconnConfidential–Page:22Jitter&NoiseinEyeJitter&NoiseinEye--Diagram(1/2)Diagram(1/2)FoxconnConfidential–Page:23Jitter&NoiseinEyeJitter&NoiseinEye--Diagram(2/2)Diagram(2/2)BitErrorRatio(BER)TotalJitter(TJ)TotalNoise(TN)RandomJitter(RJ)DeterministicJitter(DJ)DataDependentJitter(DDJ)Duty-CycleJitter(DCJ)PeriodicJitter(PJ)PeriodicNoise(PN)DataDependentNoise(DDN)RandomNoise(RN)DeterministicNoise(DN)UnboundedBoundedFoxconnConfidential–Page:24EyeEye--DiagramExample(1/3)DiagramExample(1/3)FoxconnConfidential–Page:25EyeEye--DiagramExample(2/3)DiagramExample(2/3)MeasurementSimulationSimulationHistogramSimulationBathtubCurveFailSetting:-6dB//4milon4mil//96ΩFoxconnConfidential–Page:26EyeEye--DiagramExample(3/3)DiagramExample(3/3)SymmetryE-fieldd4mil4mil4mildInnovativeFPCstructurePCI-ExpressTx+Rx&ReferenceCLKFoxconnConfidential–Page:27PowerIntegrityIssuesPowerIntegrityIssues•PlaneEffects•DecouplingCapacitorModel•LowFrequency–DCR–ReferencePlane⎯PowerorGround?–SSNandSSO–Impedance⎯TargetImpedance•HighFrequency–Impedance⎯SelfandTransferImpedance–DecouplingCapacitorSelectionFoxconnConfidential–Page:28PlaneEffects(1/3)PlaneEffects(1/3)•EMwavemustalwaysconfineinmetal-pairstructure–Microstrip/StripLine??????PWRplaneGNDplane∫⋅=ΔldEVvv∫⋅=ΔldEVvvCurrentflow???–Plane-PairStructureFoxconnConfidential–Page:29PlaneEffects(2/3)PlaneEffects(2/3)•Power&groundvoltagebounce(Delta-Inoise)–Switchingcurrentswithfastslewrate,especiallyalargenumberofdriversswitchsimultaneously•ResonanceinsideICpackage&PCBs,andEMradiationFoxconnConfidential–Page:30PlaneEffects(3/3)PlaneEffects(3/3)•ComprehensivePhenomenoninPCBFoxconnConfidential–Page:31DecouplingDecoupling•Decouplingcapacitorsconnectedbetweenpowerandgroundplaneareusedtoeliminatethefluctuationofvoltageorcalled“Power/GroundBounce”.•DecouplingcapacitorsarealsocaneliminatetheEMIeffect.nodecaps10decapsplaced23decapsplacedFoxconnConfidential–Page:32DecouplingCapacitorModel(1/3)DecouplingCapacitorModel(1/3)•FirstOrderCapacitormodelESRESL12C1E+00