Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate111

IntroductiontoBritishParliamentaryDebateChinaDebateEducationNetwork:英国议会制辩论简介--PartI:Introduction--PartII:WhatistheBritishParliamentarydebateFormatOutlineIntroduction----Whywedebateingeneral宏观上我们为什么辩论----Whywedebateineducationalsettingsinparticular就教育而言我们为什么辩论WhyWeDebateinGeneral?----Peopleinthedebatecommunitieslearnskills人们在辩论交流中可以学习的技能---toimproveeverydaylives能帮助改善日常生活---tobecomegoodcitizens能促成良好公民的养成---toadaptskillsofdebatetoothervenues能学习与其他观点交流辩论的能力WhyWeDebateinEducationalSettingsinParticular--toexpandknowledge扩展知识--tohonepublicspeakingskills磨练公共表达能力--tolearntoengagecriticalthinking学习掌握批判性思考--togainskillsforadynamiccitizenry获得成为活跃公民的能力--toargueasethicalcommunicators像一个伦理传播者一样讨论问题Weneeddebatesinlanguagelearning辩论和英语学习•英语应用能力，批判性思维能力，现场应变能力和跨文化交际能力•英语辩论，就是对大学生这种综合能力最立体的锻炼。外研社英语辩论赛Argumentations•1997年----Examinationsdomoreharmthangood.•2001年----Theopportunitycostofattendinggraduateschoolistoohighforcollegestudents.Argumentations•2003年----Urbanizationhelpsimprovethequalityofliving.•2004年----Nationalismisapositivesentiment.2009年---PRCshouldbantheproduction,saleandconsumptionofalltobaccoproducts.•Argumentations•2005年----Thishousebelievesthatadvertisementisacurseratherthanablessing.•2007年----ThishousebelievesthatChinashouldestablishEnglishasanofficiallanguage.Argumentations•2010----IOCshouldremoveanyagerequirementsforchildrentocompeteintheOlympics•2011----ChinashouldcriminalizeacademicdishonestywhatareinvolvedindebatingproficiencyBasiclawsofformallogic（形式逻辑基本原理）Publicspeakingskills（公共演讲技巧）Evidence&Academicknowledge（证据与知识储备）Writing&Rhetoric（写作与修辞）BritishParliamentaryDebateFormatI.TeamsandMotions参赛队和辩题II.OrderofSpeeches&SpeakerTitles发言顺序和辩手称谓III.Timing&POI计时规则与质询IV.SpeakerRoles&Responsibilities辩手角色和责任V.Howyourdebatewillbeevaluated如何评判英国议会制辩论赛制Motions辩题--Motions:For&Against辩题：支持与反对AmotionisastatementprovidedbytheTournamentDirectorthatwillbecomethesubjectofthedebate.Amotionissometimescalledadebatetopic,aresolution,oraproposition.辩题是一个命题，由大赛总监指定，是一场辩论的对象，又常被称为“解决方案”或者“提议”。--Examples例子ExamplesofMotions辩题举例ProcedureforEachDebate----Positionsofteamsarepostedonthe“draw.”每个参赛队的赛位发布在公告板上----Motionsannouncementtoallteams向所有参赛队宣布辩题----15-30minutespreparation15-30分钟准备时间----Teamsofthesamesidedonotpreparewithoneanother,norcantheyconsulttheirteammatesorteachers同在一方的队伍不得共同准备，也不得咨询教练或队友----Debatebegins比赛开始FourTeamsTeamsMembers:4Teams---8DebatersUpperHouse---LowerHouse---Government:SupportingMotion2upperGovernmentSpeakers2lowerGovernmentSpeakers---Opposition:ArguingagainstMotion2upperoppositionSpeakers2loweroppositionSpeakersUpperHouseGovernmentOppositionForMotionAgainstLowerHouse四队参赛队构成:4支队---8名辩手上院---下院政府:支持辩题2名政府上院辩手2名政府下院辩手反对党:反对辩题2名反对党上院辩手2名反对党下院辩手上院政府反对党支持辩题反对下院Whyarethere4teamsinaBPdebate?•governmentisformedbyacoalitionoftwoparties.Here’sanexampleofhowitworks:imagineifafteranelection,theLabourPartyandtheGreenPartyformacoalitiongovernment.Eventhoughtheyare“onthesameside”,theyarestillcompetingagainsteachotherforvotersupport.Thatmeansthatwhenanissueisdebated,theywilltotakethesameposition,butfordifferentreasons.Soiftheissueofnuclearpowerisdebated,forexample,theGreenPartywillopposethepolicyforenvironmentalreasons,whereastheLabourPartymightopposeitbecauseitmeanscoalworkerswilllosetheirjobs.Sotheybothopposenuclearpower–theyhavethesamestance–theytakethestancefordifferentreasons.NamesofSpeakersUpperHouse(Opening)PrimeMinisterLeaderoftheOppositionDeputyPrimeMinisterDeputyLeaderoftheOppositionLowerHouse(Closing)MemberofGovernmentMemberofOppositionGovernmentWhipOppositionWhipUpperHouse(Opening)PMLODPMDLOMGMOGWOWLowerHouse(Closing)辩手称谓上院(上半场)首相反对党领袖副首相反对党副领袖下院(下半场)政府阁员反对党阁员政府党鞭反对党党鞭上院(上半场)首相反对党领袖副首相反对党副领袖政府阁员反对党阁员政府党鞭反对党党鞭下院(下半场)OrderofSpeakersUpperHouse(Opening)-PrimeMinister,1stGovernmentTeam-LeaderoftheOpposition,1stOppositionTeam-DeputyPrimeMinister,1stGovernmentTeam-DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition,1stOppositionTeamLowerHouse(Closing)-MemberofGovernment,2ndGovernmentTeamMemberofOpposition,2ndOppositionTeamGovernmentWhip,2ndGovernmentTeamOppositionWhip,2ndOppositionTeamUpperHouse(Opening)PMLODPMDLOMGMOGWOWLowerHouse(Closing)发言顺序上院(上半场)首相，正一反对党领袖，反一副首相，正二反对党副领袖，反二下院(下半场)政府阁员，正三反对党阁员，反三政府党鞭，正四反对党党鞭，反四上院(上半场)首相反对党领袖副首相反对党副领袖政府阁员反对党阁员政府党鞭反对党党鞭下院(下半场)PointsofInformationPOI---PointofInformationWho---amemberofanopposingteam;What---comments,statement,question…;Howtooffer---byrisingandextendinghandorbysaying“onthatpoint,Sir/Madam”NOPOI---protectedtime(thefirstandthelastminute);Time---15secondsorless信息点（质询）POI---信息点（质询）谁来质询---陈词者对方的任一辩手;质询内容---评论,陈述,提问…;怎么质询---举手示意或者说“质询”禁止质询---保护时间(陈词者发言时间的首尾各一分钟);质询时长---不超过15秒Timing7minutesforeachspeech每次发言七分钟ProtectedTime:Firstandlastminute保护时间：首尾一分钟Asingleknockontableorsoundingofabellannouncesprotectedtime一声铃响或敲桌为保护时间开始和结束的信号doubleknockorbellsignalstheendofyourspeech.双击铃响为发言时间到的信号Yourspeecheswillbetimedbyatimekeeperorbythejudge由计时员或裁判计时SpeakerRolesandResponsibilities辩手角色与职责1stSpeaker--PrimeMinister---Definesandinterpretsthemotion定义和