Introduction to Renewable Energy Development and R

可再生能源发展情况和可再生能源法介绍IntroductiontoRenewableEnergyDevelopmentandRenewableEnergyLaw李俊峰中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会2005年4月21日LiJunfengChineseRenewableEnergyIndustriesAssociation(CREIA)21April,20052005-04-21CREIA2介绍提纲Agenda1.制定可再生能源法的背景BackgroundtotheRElegislation2.法律制定的基本思路和基本原则BasicideasandprinciplesofRELawBasicideasandprinciplesofRELaw3.可再生能源法中建立的制度和政策SystemsandpolicyidentifiedintheRELawSystemsandpolicyidentifiedintheRELaw2005-04-21CREIA3第一部分PartI制定可再生能源法的背景BackgroundtoRELegislation„开发利用可再生能源的重要意义　　　　　　　SignificanceofREDevelopmentandUtilizationSignificanceofREDevelopmentandUtilization„开发利用可再生能源面临的主要问题MainChallengestoREDevelopmentandUtilization„我国可再生能源资源条件REResourceStatusinChina„我国可再生能源的技术基础TechnicalBaseofREinChina„我国在可再生能源发展方面的探索ResearchinREAreaofChina„我国可再生能源的战略地位和基本结论StrategyPositionandBasicConclusionofREinChina„可再生能源立法的有利条件FeasibilityofRELegislation2005-04-21CREIA4开发利用可再生能源的重要意义SignificanceofREDevelopmentandUtilizationSignificanceofREDevelopmentandUtilization„调整能源结构和保障能源安全的现实要求RequirementtoadjustEnergystructureandguaranteeenergysecurity„保护环境和减少大气污染的技术选择Technicalchoicestoprotecttheenvironmentandreducetheatmospherepollution„农村地区全面建设小康社会的重要选择Keyoptionfortheconstructionofthewell-offsocietyinruralarea„开拓新经济增长领域和创造更多就业机会的有效途径EffectiveChanneltoexploitneweconomicdevelopmentareasandCreateEmploymentOpportunities2005-04-21CREIA5开发利用可再生能源面临的主要问题MainchallengestoREDevelopmentandUtilization„可再生能源的发展没有提高到保障能源安全的战略高度，尚未纳入能源发展的主导战略，缺乏明确的发展目标和切实可行的规划措施ThedevelopmentofREhasnotbeenraisedtothestrategiclevelofenergysecurityguarantee,hasnotbeeninvolvedintotheleadingstrategyofenergydevelopment.Lackofdevelopmenttargetandpracticalplanningmeasure„政策的连续性和稳定性差，缺乏有效的经济激励政策和稳定的法律保障措施，缺乏行之有效的投融资机制Existingpolicyislackofcontinuityandstability,lackofeffectiveeconomicincentiveandstablelegislationguaranteemeasurement,lackofpracticalinvestmentandfinancingmechanisms.„研究开发能力弱，制造技术水平较低，缺乏完备的可再生能源产业体系Researchanddevelopingcapabilityisweak;Producingtechnologyisnotdeveloped;LackofintegratedREindustriessystem.„开发利用成本相对较高，缺乏市场竞争力Thecostsarerelativelyhigher,whichleadtolackingofcompetition„公众关注不够，没有形成全社会积极参与和支持的局面Shortofpublicattention.Noactiveparticipateandsupportfrompublic.2005-04-21CREIA6我国可再生能源资源条件——水力发电REResourceStatusinChina---HydroPower„水力资源蕴藏量丰富，经济可开发总量4亿千瓦，居世界首位，且分布广泛„Sufficienthydroresourceisreservedandwidelydistributed.Totalcapacitywhichcanbeexploitedis0.4GKW,thelargestintheworld.2005-04-21CREIA7我国可再生能源资源条件——风力发电REResourceStatusinChina--WindPower„陆上可开发量2.5亿千瓦，主要分布在华北、东北和西北地区，以及沿海地区Onshoreresourcecapacityis0.25GKW,mainlydistributedinHuabei,North-east,North-westandcoastalregion.„近海地区可开发量7.5亿千瓦Thenearoff-shorewindresourcecapacityis0.75GKW.„总的可开发量超过10亿千瓦Totalresourcecapacityisover1GW2005-04-21CREIA8我国可再生能源资源条件——太阳能REResourceStatusinChina--SolarEnergyResource„太阳能资源丰富，2/3陆地年日照超过2200小时，年辐射量平均5000兆焦/平方米，相当于170千克标准煤的热量„Withgreatpotentialsolarenergyresource;over2200hoursofsunlighton2/3oftheearth,withanannualaverageradiationof5000WJperquartermeter,andtheheatisequivalenttothatof170kgce.2005-04-21CREIA9我国可再生能源资源条件——生物质能源REResourceStatusinChina--BiomassEnergyResourcez生物质能资源：6亿吨标准煤/年，估计2020年可以达到8-10亿吨标准煤/年Biomass：0.6Gton/year，upto2020,itisestimatedthattotalcapacitywillreach0.8—1Gton/year.9农作物秸秆：1.5亿吨标准煤/年Agriculturestraw：0.15GTEC/year9禽畜养殖和工业有机废水：800亿立方米沼气，6000万吨标准煤Livestockfarmandindustrywastewater：80GM³biogas,60MTEC9薪柴、森林、木材废弃物:2亿吨标准煤/年Fuelwood,forest,timberresidue:0.2GTEC/year9城市生活垃圾：1500万吨标准煤/年Landfuelgas:15MTEC/year9能源作物：油菜籽、甜高梁、木薯等Energycope:rapeseed,sweetjowar,sweetpotato2005-04-21CREIA10我国可再生能源的技术基础——水力发电TechnicalBaseofREinChina--HydroPower„已经建成水电总容量9000万千瓦，年发电量2830亿千瓦时，约占全国发电总量的20%，其中小水电占1/3„Totalcapacityofexistinghydropowerstationis90,000MWandannualpowergenerationis280GWh,upto20%oftotalpowergenerationinChina,with1/3fromsmallhydropowerstations,2005-04-21CREIA11我国可再生能源的技术基础——水力发电TechnicalBaseofREinChina--HydroPower„水电工程设计、制造、施工能力处于世界领先水平„Excellentabilityofdesign,manufactureandconstruction„技术和装备已经出口„Thesetechnologyandequipmenthasexportedtoothercountries.„水电发电成本基本上可以与常规火力发电相竞争„Hydropowercostiscompetitivewithcoalpower2005-04-21CREIA12我国可再生能源的技术基础——风力发电TechnicalBaseofREinChina--WinderPower„已经拥有40多个风力发电场，总装机容量达到567兆瓦„Over40existingwindfarms,withtotalinstallationcapacityof567MW„风力发电的平均成本可以控制在每千瓦时0.6元以下„Averagecostisbelow0.6yuan/Kwh„在边远地区安装了近20万台的小型风力发电机，为20多万户居民供电„Near200thousandsofsmallturbinehavebeeninstalledinremoteareaandsupplypowertoover200thousandsresidents2005-04-21CREIA13我国可再生能源的技术基础——风力发电装备TechnicalBaseofREinChina--WindPowerEquipments„拥有750千瓦以下各类风力发电设备的制造能力„Withcapabilitytomanufacturevarieskindsofwindpowerequipmentsbelowcapacityof750KW2005-04-21CREIA14我国可再生能源的技术基础——太阳能利用TechnicalBaseofREinChina--SolarEnergyUtilization„太阳热水器技术成熟，年生产量超过1200万平方米，累计安装量超过6000万平方米Maturedsolarheatertechnology,withover12Mm2ofannualmanufacturingcapabilityandover60Mm2oftotalinstallationcapacity.„发电技术在发展之中，形成了100兆瓦的生产能力，累计安装量超过50兆瓦„Manufacturingcapabilityof100MWhasbeenrealizedduringthedevelopmentofpowergenerationtechnology,withtotalinstallationcapacityofover50MW.2005-04-21CREIA15我国可再生