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12语气:①陈述语气(theIndicativeMood):用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法；用于肯定句,否定句,疑问句和感叹句②祈使语气(theImperativeMood):用来表示请求、命令等；用于祈使句Keepquietinthereadingroom.③虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood):表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。用于条件从句,让步从句和名词性从句3一.if虚拟条件句：1.一般用法：(特点---时态往过去推)1)现在情况的虚拟IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.IfIhadmagicpower,IwouldgetwhateverIwant.if从句主句were/didwould(should/could/might)+do4注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。5如果我有更多的朋友，我会更高兴。IfIhadmorefriends,Iwouldbehappier.如果没有空气，人就会死。Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.62).过去情况的虚拟Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.IfIhadgotupearlierthismorning,Iwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.if从句主句haddonewould(should/could/might)+havedone73).将来情况的虚拟IfIweretogoabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.IfIshouldgoabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.IfIwentabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.if从句主句weretodo/shoulddo/didwould(should/could/might)+do82.错综虚拟1)Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldbehomenow.2)Ifyou__________(take)myadviceyesterday,you____________(feel)muchbetternow.hadtakenwouldfeel3)Ifshehadn’ttrainedhard,she_______beabletorunsofastnow.(not)4)Ifhehadlistenedtome,he________beinsuchtroublenow.(not)wouldn’twouldn’t(从句与主句所表时间不一致)9Translate:ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIhadn’tfalleninlove,attheageof17,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.103.虚拟条件句中的倒装if引导虚拟条件句时，可以把if省略，而把were,had或should等词提到句首，构成倒装句。如:IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.=WereIabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.IfIhadgotupearlierthismorning,Iwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.=HadIgotupearlierthismorning,Iwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.11IfIweretogoabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.=WereItogoabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.IfIshouldgoabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.=ShouldIgoabroad,Iwouldsetuparestaurant.124.含蓄条件句:用without,butfor(要不是),otherwise(否则)或上下文语境等来代替条件从句。Wemighthavefailedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavefailedifyouhadnothelpedus.Butforthefog,wewouldhavearrivedearlier.=Ifithadnotbeenforthefog,wewouldhavearrivedearlier.13Iwasbusy,otherwise,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.=IfIhadnotbeenbusy,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.Iwouldhavecalledyou,butIforgotyourtelephonenumber.=IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourtelephonenumber.ButIforgotit.14时间if虚拟条件句主句过去现在将来haddonewould/should/could/might+havedonedid/wereweretodo/shoulddo/didwould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do巩固练习1.152.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC163.Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.A.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowD174.__________(要不是)yourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthejobbeforethedeadline5.Linda______(give)uphalfway.Otherwise,shewouldhaveachievedhergoal.Butforgave18二.wish,ifonly1.sb.wishthat1)现在：+sb.did/were2)过去：+sb.haddone3)将来：+sb.would/coulddo19现在：Iwishthateverybodywerekind-hearted.过去：Iwishyouhadnottoldmethenews.IwishIhadneverbeenborn.《苔丝》IwishIhadusedmycreditcardmoresensibly.20将来IwishIwouldbeafamousteacher.IwishIcouldliveamorecomfortablelife.212.ifonly:要是…就好了LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIhadtakenyouradvice.1)IfonlyI_______(go)homenow.2)IfonlyI__________(go)tobedearlierlastnight.3)Ifonlythefinal-termexam_______(将)becancelled.wenthadgonewould22三.wouldratherIwouldratheryou______(pay)menow.I’dratheryou___________(do)somehouseworkwhenyouwerefree.Don’tcomenow.Iwouldratheryou________(come)tomorrow.wouldrathersb.did(现在，将来)sb.haddone(过去)paidhaddonecame23四.asif似乎，好像HespeaksEnglishsowellasifhewereanEnglishman.Helookssopaleasifhehadseenamonster.asif:现在(主从句动作同时发生)did/were过去(从句动作在主句之前发生)haddone241)Themasterusestheslaveasifhe_____(be)ananimal,athing,notaperson.2)Shestaresatherhusbandasifhe_________(be)astranger.3)Hetalksasifhe_________(do)theworkallbyhimself,butinfactTomandIdidmostofit.werewerehaddone25五.suggest/advise/order/request/demand/require/recommend…thatsb.(should)do…宾语从句Itissuggested/ordered/required…thatsb.(should)do…主语从句Wesuggestedthathe__________(do)thejob.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.(should)dowas表明，暗示26insist:(1)坚持说，坚持认为（陈述语气）(2)坚持要求，一定要（虚拟语气）e.g.Heinsistedthatheheardsomebodyinthehouse.HeinsistedthatIwaswrongand(should)apologizetohim.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______(do)nothingwrongand____________(set)free.did(should)beset27Hegavetheorderthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.同位语从句Mysuggestion/order/proposal/demandisthatwe(should)putoffthemeeting.表语从句28六.Itisnecessary/important/natural/strangethatsb.(should)do…主语从句Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.Itisstrangethatshe(should)besoupset.29七.Itistimethatsb.didsb.shoulddoIt’stimeyou_____(go)toschool.It’stimeyou_____(do)yourhomework.It’stimeyou_____(go)outtoplay.