有机化学题库-合成.

15.合成题5-1．以环己醇为原料合成：1,2,3－三溴环己烷。NBSH3PO4BrBrBrBr2BrOHCCl45-2．从异丙醇为原料合成：溴丙烷。CH2HBrH2SO4CH3CH2CH3BrCH3CHCH=CH2OHCH3ROOR浓5-3．由1－氯环戊烷为原料合成：顺－1,2－环戊二醇。H2O2OHClC2H5OHOHOsO4KOH5-4．以1－甲基环己烷为原料合成：CH3CO(CH2)4COOH。NaH+(CH2)4KMnO4hvC2H5CH3CO,CH3CH3BrBr2COOHCH3O5-5．由CH2OH为原料合成：OCH2KMnO4CH2＋H2SO4OHO浓CO25-6．以1－溴环戊烷为原料合成：反－2－溴环戊醇。Br2H2OC2H5H＋BrBrHOHOHKOH5-7．由1,2－二甲基环戊醇为原料合成：2,6－庚二酮。(1)(2)O3H+CH3Zn/H2OCH3CH3CH3CH3(CH2)3OHCOCH3CO5-8．以2－溴丙烷为原料合成丙醇。H2O2OHBrC2H5NaCH2CH3CH2CH3CH3CHCH=CH2OHCH3B2H6OHOH5-9．由1－甲基环己烷合成：反－2－甲基环己醇。NaBr2OHhvOHBrC2H5OC2H5CH3CH3B2H6OHH2O2CH3CH35-10．以环戊烷为原料合成：反－1,2－环戊二醇。Br2(1)(2)H3O+OHhvC2H5OHCF3BrOHCO3HKOH5-11以苯及C4以下有机物为原料合成：C6H5HHCCCH3NBSCH2CH3CH2COZn-Hg浓HClCH3CH2AlCl3Cl＋COCH2CH3Br2CHCHC2H5OHBrBrCCCH3KOHCH3CHC6H5C6H5CHCH3CHC6H5BrC2H5OHKOHC6H5C2H52NaNH3CH3HCCCH3CC液C6H5C6H5H5-12．用甲烷做唯一碳来源合成：CH3CH2CHOCO＋Cu2Cl2NH4ClCH稀H2SO41500℃OCHCH4CH3CHCCH2=CHCH=CH2CHgSO4O23250℃＋CH3OCH2CH3CHOCH2=CHC12O2AgCO5-13．以乙炔、丙烯为原料合成：BrBrCHOCHOCu2Cl2NH4ClCHNH3CHCH=CH2CHCCH2=CHCH=CH2液NaCH2=CHBrBrBr2CHOCHO，350℃CHO,CH3CH2=CHCH2=CHCu2O0.25MPa5-14．以1,3－丁二烯，丙烯，乙炔等为原料合成：CH2CH2CH2OHH2＋CH2ClCH2Ni,CH=CH2ClCH2=CHCH2=CHCH2ClH2催化剂LindlarCHCHCH=CH2CCNaCH2CH2ClCH2OH(CH2)3B2H6OHCH=CH2H2O2CH2，500℃Cl2CH3CH2ClCH2=CHCH2=CH5-15．由乙炔和丙烯为原料合成正戊醛（CH3(CH2)3CHO）+CHCHNaNH3C液NaNH2CHHBr＋BrCH2CH3CH2CH3；CH=CH2ROORH2O2OHBrCH2CHCHOCH3CH2(CH2)3B2H6CH3CH2CH2NaCCCH3CH5-16．由乙烯和乙炔为原料合成内消旋体3,4－己二醇。CH＋CHNaNaNH3CC液NaNH2；HBr+CH2CH3CH2BrCH22BrCH3CH2C2H5C2H5CH3CH2CCNaNaCH2CH3NH3HCCCC液HNaC6H5H3O+OHC2H5CO3HC2H5OHHHHCCHC2H5C2H55-17．由甲苯和C3以下有机物为原料合成：C6H5CH2O(CH2)3CH3C6H5NBSBr,CH3C6H5CH2＋ClCHC2H5NaCH3CH2CCHCH2O2OHCH2NH3C2H5C2H5CH2(CH2)3C2H5NaOCH3CH=CH2B2H6OHNaCHNaCC6H5＋BrOCH2(CH2)3C6H5OCH2CH3CH3Na(CH2)335-18．由CH2为原料合成：CHOCH2CH2＋BrCHHBrROORCH2CCHNaCCH2CH2H2O2CH2CHOB2H6OHCHCCH2CH25-19．以不多于四个碳原子的烃为原料合成：CH3COCH2500℃Cl2CH3CH2ClCH2=CHCH2=CH＋CH2ClCH2CH=CH2ClCH2=CHCH2=CHCHCCHNaCCH2ClCH2CH=CH2ClCH2=CHCH2=CHCH2CH3稀H2SO4HgSO4COCHCCH2CH25-20．以甲苯为原料合成：3－硝基－4－溴苯甲酸。Br2COOHH2SO4NO2COOHKMnO4BrHNO3FeBr3CH3CH3BrBr5-21．由苯和甲醇为原料合成：间氯苯甲酸。+HCH3OCH3ClHCl++SOCl2SO2COOHCOOHCl2KMnO4CH3ClAlCl3FeClCH3＋5-22．由苯为原料合成：4－硝基－2,6－二溴乙苯。Br2H2SO4NO2O2NBrC2H5AlCl3HNO3Fe＋BrBrC2H5C2H5C2H55-23．由甲苯为原料合成：邻硝基对苯二甲酸。COOHH2SO4NO2H3O+COOHKMnO4100℃SO3HAlCl3HNO3CH3CH3BrCH3CH3H2SO4SO3HCH3NO2CH3NO2CH3NO25-23．以甲苯为原料合成：4－硝基－2－溴苯甲酸。CH3Br2O2NCOOHKMnO4BrHNO3FeCH3CH3H2SO4BrO2NO2N5-25．以苯为原料合成：对硝基邻二溴苯。Br2BrBrHNO3FeFeBr3BrH2SO4NO2NO2BrBr245-26．以甲苯为原料合成：3,5－二硝基苯甲酸。HNO3H2SO4O2NCOOHO2NCOOHKMnO4HNO3H2SO4CH3O2NCOOH5-27．由甲苯为原料合成：邻硝基甲苯。H2SO4O2N100℃HNO3CH3H2SO4SO3HCH3H2SO4CH3NO2SO3HCH3稀5-28．由苯为原料合成：对叔丁基苯甲酸。(CH3)3CKMnO4CH3ClAlCl3C(CH3)3ClAlCl3CH3CH3COOH(CH3)3C5-29．用苯和丙烯为主要原料合成：4－硝基－2－溴异丙苯。HClBr2CH2CH(CH3)2CHBrFe,AlCl3CH3H2SO4HNO3O2NCH(CH3)2O2NCH(CH3)25-30．由甲苯为原料合成：邻溴苯甲酸。BrBr2COOHKMnO4100℃FeCH3BrH2SO4CH3CH3SO3HCH3Br稀SO3HH2SO45-31．以甲苯为原料合成：2－硝基－4－溴甲苯。Br2NO2100℃BrHNO3FeCH3H2SO4H2SO4NO2CH3CH3NO2SO3HCH3CH3稀SO3HH2SO45-31．用甲苯等为原料合成：2,6－二溴苯甲酸。Br2COOHKMnO4100℃2BrBrFeBr3CH3BrBrH2SO4CH3CH3SO3HCH3Br稀SO3HH2SO4Br5-32．由甲苯和乙醛合成1－苯基－2－丙醇CH2H3O+NBSCHOCH2CH2CHOHBrCH3CH3CH3MgBrMgEt2OEt2O5-33．由环戊醇和丙酮为原料合成C(CH3)2OHH2SO4NBSOHBrMgEt2OMgBrCOCH3C(CH3)2OHMgBrH3O+Et2OCH35-34．以丙烯为原料，其它试剂任选合成2,2－二溴丙烷5OHCH2BrC2H5CH3BrCH3BrBr2CCl4CH3KOHCH=CHNaNH2CH3CHCCH=CH2CHCH2BrCH3BrCH3BrCH3HBrCH3CHCCCHBr5-35．以丙烯为原料，其它试剂任选合成2,3－二溴丙醇。CH2H2ONBSOHCH2CH2BrHOCH3BrBr2BrOHNaCH=CH2CH=CH2CHCH2CH=CH25-36.以苯为原料（其它试剂任选）合成苯乙酸。HClCH2(C2H5)2OCHOClH＋＋ZnCl2MgMgCH2Cl(1)(2)H3O+COOHCO2MgCH2ClCH25-37.以苯为原料（其它试剂任选）合成对溴苯甲醇。(1)(2)H3O+OH(C2H5)2OFeBr2CHOHBrBrMgMgCH2OHFeBr2OHBrCH2CH25-38.用6个碳以下（含6个碳）的卤代烃合成：CHCH2CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH2ClCCuLiLiCH3CH3CHCLiCuXCH3CH3CHCCHCH2CH3CH32C＋CuLiClCH3CH3CHCCH25-39.以6个碳以下的卤代烃（含6个碳）合成：CH2CH(CH3)2CH2CH2=CH(CH3)2CHCH2Br2CuLiLiLiCuX(CH3)2CHCH2(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2BrCH(CH3)2CH2CH2=CH2CH2=CH＋CuLi(CH3)2CHCH25-40.以丙烯为原料（其它试剂任选）合成：OHCH2(CH3)2CH=CH2C2CH3CuCl2120℃CH3CH3CH=CH21O2CO＋PdCl2NBSCH2Br(C2H5)2OCH2CH2=CHCH2=CHCH2=CHCH3MgMgBr(1)(2)H3O+OHCH3CH2(C2H5)2O(CH3)2CH=CH2CH3CH2CO＋CH2=CHCMgBr5-41.以甲基环戊烷为原料（其它试剂任选）合成:COOHCH36hv(C2H5)2OBrBr2CH3MgMgBrCH3CH3H3O+(C2H5)2OCOOHCO2MgBrCH3CH35-42.以苯为原料（其它试剂任选）合成1,2－二氯苯乙烷。NBSCH2CH3AlCl3BrKOHCH3CH2C2H5OHCH＋CH=CH2ClCH3CH2CHCl＋ClCH=CH2Cl25-43.由氯代环己烷和丙烯为原料合成：OH(CH2)3(C2H5)2OCH=CH2ClCH2=CH＋CH2MgClCH2ClMg,H2O2CH=CH2OH(CH2)3B2H6OHCH2,℃500CH2=CHCH2=CHCH3Cl2ClCH25-44.以苯和乙烯等为原料合成：CH2OHCH2H3O+＋CH2CH2(C2H5)2OFeOBrBr2OHCH2CH2MgBrMg℃＋2CH2CH2250O1O2AgCH2CH25-455-4675-4785-4895-495-50105-51115-52125-53135-54145-55155-565-57165-58175-59185-60195-615-62205-6321225-642324255-65265-6627